Effect of modified surgical conditions on the peripapillary microvasculature and RNFL in patients receiving vitrectomy: an OCTA study.

Purpose: Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is an effective treatment of vitreoretinal diseases, while some studies reported visual field defects after surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of modified vitrectomy surgical conditions on peripapillary microvasculature and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) changes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: This was a retrospectively study and the medical records of 37 patients diagnosed with iERM or iMH underwent PPV with ILM peeling were retrospectively reviewed.

Axial length to corneal curvature radius ratio is negatively correlated with choroidal blood flow in myopic children.

Background: The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying early-onset myopia remain unclear; in this study, we investigate the pathogenesis by examining the interrelationships between axial length to corneal curvature radius ratio ( ) and choroidal blood flow.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 202 eyes from myopic children, categorized into 141 eyes with mild myopia, 47 eyes with moderate myopia, and 14 eyes with high myopia. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to measure choroidal blood flow perfusion within a 6 mm × 6 mm area of the macular region, divided into nine subareas based on ETDRS partitioning: macular fovea, nasal side 1, superior 1, temporal side 1, inferior 1, nasal side 2, superior 2, temporal side 2, and inferior 2.

Corrigendum: Serum exosomal circular RNA expression profile and regulative role in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.

Biological ultrathin amniotic membrane flap to close refractory macular holes associated with high myopia.

Purpose: To propose an ultrathin biological amniotic membrane (btAM) thinner than 10 μm as the graft to treat highly myopic macular holes (MH).

Methods: This pilot study included 14 patients affected by refractory macular holes associated with high myopia. btAM was used as a bandage covering the holes.

Frequency-encoded eye tracking smart contact lens for human-machine interaction.

Eye tracking techniques enable high-efficient, natural, and effortless human-machine interaction by detecting users' eye movements and decoding their attention and intentions. Here, a miniature, imperceptible, and biocompatible smart contact lens is proposed for in situ eye tracking and wireless eye-machine interaction. Employing the frequency encoding strategy, the chip-free and battery-free lens successes in detecting eye movement and closure.

M2 microglia-derived exosomes promote vascular remodeling in diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a vision-threatening diabetic complication that is characterized by microvasculature impairment and immune dysfunction. The present study demonstrated that M2 microglia intensively participated in retinal microangiopathy in human diabetic proliferative membranes, mice retinas, retinas of mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice, and retinas of streptozotocin-induced DR mice. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that exosomes derived from M2 polarized microglia (M2-exo) could reduce pericyte apoptosis and promote endothelial cell proliferation, thereby promoting vascular remodeling and reducing vascular leakage from the diabetic retina.

Angiogenic and Fibrogenic Dual-effect of Gremlin1 on Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Ocular angiogenic diseases, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), are often characterized by pathological new vessels and fibrosis formation. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, despite of its efficiency to inhibit new vessels, has limitations, including drug resistance and retinal fibrosis. Here, we identified that Gremlin1, a novel angiogenesis and fibrosis inducer, was secreted from Müller glial cells, and its expression increased in the vitreous fluid from patients with PDR.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Evaluation of Conjunctival Vessels in Dry Eyes.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate conjunctival vessels in patients with dry eye disease (DED) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational clinical study. Twenty-three eyes of 18 patients with DED and 28 eyes of 23 healthy controls were included for examination in this study.

Lens epithelial cell-derived exosome inhibits angiogenesis in ocular pathological neovascularization through its delivery of miR-146a-5p.

Abnormal ocular neovascularization, a major pathology of eye diseases, leads to severe visual loss. The role of lens epithelial cell (LEC)-derived exosomes (Lec-exo) is largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether Lec-exo can inhibit abnormal ocular neovascularization and explore the possible mechanisms.

The Exosome-Transmitted lncRNA LOC100132249 Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Unlabelled: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common microangiopathic complications in diabetes, causes severe visual damage among working-age populations. Retinal vascular endothelial cells, the key cell type in DR pathogenesis, are responsible for abnormal retinal angiogenesis in advanced stages of DR. The roles of exosomes in DR have been largely unknown.

Lesion-aware generative adversarial networks for color fundus image to fundus fluorescein angiography translation.

Background And Objective: Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is widely used in clinical ophthalmic diagnosis and treatment with the requirement of adverse fluorescent dyes injection. Recently, many deep Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)-based methods have been proposed to estimate FFA from color fundus (CF) images to eliminate the use of adverse fluorescent dyes. However, the robustness of these methods is affected by pathological changes.

The relationship between renal function and surgical outcomes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Objectives: The relationship between renal function and diabetic retinopathy has been controversial. This study is to investigate the influence of renal function on the complex and surgical outcomes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: This was a analysis of the CONCEPT clinical trial.

Deep Learning Models for Segmenting Non-perfusion Area of Color Fundus Photographs in Patients With Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To develop artificial intelligence (AI)-based deep learning (DL) models for automatically detecting the ischemia type and the non-perfusion area (NPA) from color fundus photographs (CFPs) of patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 274 CFPs from patients diagnosed with BRVO. All DL models were trained using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based on 45 degree CFPs covering the fovea and the optic disk.

Local-flexible coupling optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy with enhanced sensitivity.

An acoustic coupling scheme largely determines the performance of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), including practicability, sensitivity, and stability. In this study, we propose OR-PAM based on a local-flexible acoustic coupling scheme, which includes a well-designed combiner connecting a set of circulating systems. The combiner integrates an objective lens and an ultrasonic transducer, controls the water level, restricts the flow rate, and drains bubbles.

Vitreous Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines, Not Altered After Preoperative Adjunctive Conbercept Injection, but Associated With Early Postoperative Macular Edema in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of preoperative adjunctive anti-VEGF drug (Conbercept) on vitreous inflammatory cytokines and chemokines profiles and whether those cytokines were associated with early macular edema (ME) after surgery for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: In this analysis of the CONCEPT clinical trial, subjects with PDR underwent vitrectomy were included and vitreous samples were collected at the start of vitrectomy. Levels of vitreous VEGF, 17 inflammatory cytokines, and 11 chemokines were measured using Luminex multiplex technology.

Vitrectomy with Inverted Fovea-Sparing Internal Limiting Membrane for Myopic Foveoschisis.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitrectomy with inverted fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane, as a modified surgical technique in the treatment of the eyes with myopic foveoschisis.

Methods: This study was based on a consecutive, interventional case series. A standard 25-gauge (25-G), 3-port pars plana vitrectomy combined with inverted fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane was performed on 13 eyes.

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Novel Role of Microglia in Fibrovascular Membrane of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Vitreous fibrovascular membranes (FVMs), the hallmark of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), cause retinal hemorrhage, detachment, and eventually blindness. However, little is known about the pathophysiology of FVM. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing on surgically harvested PDR-FVMs and generated a comprehensive cell atlas of FVM.

Müller glia-derived exosomal miR-9-3p promotes angiogenesis by restricting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1P in diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy is a heterogeneous retinal degenerative disease with the microvascular dysfunction being recognized as a hallmark of the advanced stage. In this study, we demonstrated that exosomes collected from the vitreous humor of proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients promoted proliferation, migration and tube formation ability of primary human retinal endothelial cells via its elevated miR-9-3p expression level. Müller glia cells were further recognized as the sole source of the aberrantly expressed miR-9-3p, and both and experiments validated that Müller glia-derived exosomes aggravate vascular dysfunction under high glucose.

Displacement of the retina after idiopathic macular hole surgery with different internal limiting membrane peeling patterns.

Aim: To explore retinal displacement after surgical treatment for idiopathic macular hole (IMH) with different internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling patterns.

Methods: Totally 22 eyes from 20 patients with IMH were randomly allocated into two groups, N-T group (11 eyes) and T-N group (11 eyes). For patients in N-T group, ILM was peeled off from nasal to temporal retina.

Serum Exosomal Circular RNA Expression Profile and Regulative Role in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Background: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), as one of the main microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, seriously threatens the visual function of the working-age population; yet, the underlying pathogenesis is still poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the distinct exosomal circular RNA (circRNA) expression in PDR serum and preliminarily explore the potential pro-angiogenic mechanism of specific exosomal circRNAs.

Methods: We collected serum samples from 10 patients with PDR and 10 patients with age-matched senile cataract to detect the exosomal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of circRNAs high-throughput sequencing, followed by validation with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

Comparisons of Vitreal Angiogenic, Inflammatory, Profibrotic Cytokines, and Chemokines Profile between Patients with Epiretinal Membrane and Macular Hole.

Objectives: Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) or idiopathic macular hole (iMH) is frequently used as a "healthy" control in comparison of vitreous cytokines with other vitreoretinal diseases. This study aimed to investigate if there is a difference in vitreal cytokines expression between patients with iERM and iMH.

Methods: In this prospective study, all subjects received standard pars plana vitrectomy surgery, and 0.