Exosomes secreted from M2-polarized macrophages inhibit osteoclast differentiation via CYLD.

Objective: Bone resorption mediated by osteoclast differentiation induces the occurrence of bone-related diseases. Macrophages, an origin of osteoclasts, whose M2 type can reduce inflammation-induced bone damage. We aimed to investigate the effect of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on osteoclast formation and elucidate its underlying mechanism.

Structures and chemical bonding of B6O50/-/2-: The first boron oxide clusters with five-membered ring and their structural diversity.

Based upon global-minimum searches and first-principles electronic structural calculations, we present the perfectly planar B6O50/-/2- (1-3) systems. Notably, the C2v B6O50/- (1-2) clusters mark a groundbreaking advancement as the first boron oxide clusters to feature a five-membered ring. Both structures exhibit remarkable similarity, each characterized by a central B3O2 ring surrounded by three terminal BO groups.

Differences in disease severity and prognosis of exercise-induced right-to-left shunt between idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients.

Objective: Whether exercise-induced venous-to-systemic shunt (EIS) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has different manifestations or characteristics in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients remains unknown. We explored the differences in hemodynamics, echocardiography, and prognosis between IPAH and CTEPH patients with and without EIS.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study and included 161 PH patients at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital.

Comparative study of the oxidation of cold-pressed and commercial refined camellia oil during storage with H and P NMR spectroscopy.

The oxidation of cold-pressed and commercial refined camellia oil stored at room temperature for one year was comparatively studied by H and P NMR spectroscopy. The oxidation of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) under the same conditions was further compared. The H NMR showed that no aldehydes were formed in the studied period.

Diversity and metabolism effects of microorganisms in bioretention systems with sand, soil and fly ash.

Recently, both sand and fly ash have been used for nutrient removal in bioretention systems. However, the improvement in nutrient removal was hampered by a lack of data about of microbial diversity and metabolism effects in the mentioned materials based bioretention systems. Therefore, a mixture with sand, soil and fly ash (1:1:1) was selected as the base in bioretention systems.

[Characteristics and sources apportionment of OC and EC in PM1.1 from Nanjing].

The concentrations of OC and EC in PM1.1 collected from Nanshi (NS) and Nanhua (NH) in 2011 were analyzed using DRI Model 2001A Thermal Optical Carbon Analyzer. In addition, source apportionment was simultaneously evaluated.