The relationship between low pH in intervertebral discs and low back pain: a systematic review.

Introduction: To systematically review the relationship between low pH in intervertebral discs and low back pain.

Material And Methods: Electronic database (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, AMED, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) searches and hand searching of conference proceedings were conducted. Two authors independently evaluated the methodological quality and abstracted relevant data according to standard criteria.

Gallic acid induces the apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo via the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.

To examine the antitumor effects of gallic acid (GA) on osteosarcoma, two human osteosarcoma cell lines U-2OS and MNNG/HOS were treated by GA and subjected to cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. In addition, MNNG/HOS xenograft tumors were established in nude BALB/c mice to evaluate the anticancer capacity of GA in vivo. The results showed that GA inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells, accompanied by the upregulation of p-38 activation and the downregulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation.