KCNJ15 inhibits chemical-induced lung carcinogenesis and progression through GNB1 mediated Hippo pathway.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been regarded as important environmental carcinogens that can cause lung cancer. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanism during PAHs-induced lung carcinogenesis has remained largely unknown. Previously, we screened some novel epigenetic regulatory genes during 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA)-induced lung carcinogenesis, including the potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 15 (KCNJ15) gene.

Boosting the Durability of High-Pt-Content Fuel Cell Cathode Catalysts Through TaO Decorating.

Enhancing the durability of carbon-supported platinum catalysts (Pt/C) for the oxygen reduction reaction remains a significant challenge in the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), especially for catalysts with high-Pt contents. Herein, a TaO decorating strategy that is capable of effectively boosting the durability of Pt/C catalysts even with a high-Pt content of 50 wt.% is introduced.

ATN-161 alleviates caerulein-induced pancreatitis.

Pancreatitis is a common gastrointestinal disorder that causes hospitalization with significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanistic pathophysiology of pancreatitis is complicated, limiting the discovery of pharmacological intervention methods. Here, we show that the administration of ATN-161, an antagonist of Integrin-α5, significantly mitigates the pathological condition of acute pancreatitis induced by caerulein.

Identification of RAS-like oncoprotein B (RALB) as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background/purpose: The RAS superfamily oncogenes play significant roles in various types of malignant tumors. However, little is known about the role of RAS-like oncoprotein B (RALB) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study evaluated whether RALB can be a prognostic and therapeutic target for HNSCC.

IFI44L as a novel epigenetic silencing tumor suppressor promotes apoptosis through JAK/STAT1 pathway during lung carcinogenesis.

Numerous evidence showed that the occurrence and development of lung cancer is closely related to environmental pollution. Therefore, new environmental response predictive markers are urgently needed for early diagnosis and screening of lung cancer. Interferon-induced protein 44-like (IFI44L) has been shown to be related in a variety of tumors, but its function and mechanism during lung carcinogenesis still have remained largely unknown.

Computational elucidation of the binding mechanisms of curcumin analogues as bacterial RecA inhibitors.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents as a serious threat to global public health, which urgently demands action to develop alternative antimicrobial strategies with minimized selective pressure. The bacterial SOS response regulator RecA has emerged as a promising target in the exploration of new classes of antibiotic adjuvants, as RecA has been implicated in bacterial mutagenesis and thus AMR development through its critical roles in error-prone DNA repair. The natural product curcumin has been reported to be an effective RecA inhibitor in several Gram-negative bacteria, but details on the underlying mechanisms are wanting.

Solvent-Controlled Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon Dots with a Wide Color Gamut and Narrowed Emission Peak Widths.

Carbon dots (CDs) have tremendous potential applications in bioimaging, biomedicine, and optoelectronics. By far, it is still difficult to produce photoluminescence (PL) tunable CDs with high quantum yield (QY) across the entire visible spectrum and narrow the emission peak widths of CDs close to those of typical quantum dots. In this work, a series of CDs with tunable emission from 443 to 745 nm, quantum yield within 13-54%, and narrowed full width at half maximum (FWHM) from 108 to 55 nm, are obtained by only adjusting the reaction solvents in a one-pot solvothermal route.

Facile synthesis of red-emitting carbon dots from pulp-free lemon juice for bioimaging.

In this work, red-emitting carbon dots (R-CDs) with a high quantum yield (QY) of 28% in water were synthesized for the first time by heating an ethanol solution of pulp-free lemon juice. The obtained R-CDs were mono-dispersed with an average diameter of 4.6 nm, and exhibited excitation-independent emission at 631 nm.

Design, synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel hydrocarbylidene nitrohydrazinecarboximidamides.

Background: Neonicotinoids, among the most important pesticides in recent decades, have played pivotal roles in controlling agricultural pests. However, the toxicity to some environmentally beneficial insects is a cause of concern. The development of novel insecticides safer to these insects is increasingly urgent.

Enhancement of Gleditsia sinensis gum rheological properties with pressure cell treatment in semi-solid state.

The apparent viscosity, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution are important physical properties that determine the functional properties of galactomannan gum. Gleditsia sinensis gum (GSG) in semi-solid state was pressure cell treated over a range of temperature (30-110 °C) under nitrogen maintained at a pressure of 1.0-4.

Molecular analysis of DNA repair gene methylation and protein expression during chemical-induced rat lung carcinogenesis.

A defective ratio between DNA damage and repair may result in the occurrence of a malignant phenotype. Previous studies have found that many genetic alterations in DNA repair genes occur frequently in lung cancer. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying this tumorigenesis are not clear.

Aberrant methylation accounts for cell adhesion-related gene silencing during 3-methylcholanthrene and diethylnitrosamine induced multistep rat lung carcinogenesis associated with overexpression of DNA methyltransferases 1 and 3a.

To evaluate the significance of alterations in cell adhesion-related genes methylation during lung multistep carcinogenesis induced by the genotoxic carcinogens 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN), tissue samples microdissected from MCA/DEN-induced rat lung carcinogenesis model were subjected to methylation-specific PCR to evaluate the DNA methylation status of CADM1, TIMP3, E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine protein expression of CADM1, TIMP3, N-cadherin and the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1, 3a and 3b. E-cadherin hypermethylation was not detected in any tissue.

CpG island hypermethylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes associated with loss of their protein expression during rat lung carcinogenesis induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and diethylnitrosamine.

The epigenetic mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamine compounds such as 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) are currently unknown. We reported previously that dynamic changes in DNA methylation occurred during MCA/DEN-induced rat lung carcinogenesis. Here, we used the same animal model to further study the evolution of methylation alterations in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) DAPK1, FHIT, RASSF1A, and SOCS-3.

Epigenetic silencing of cell cycle regulatory genes during 3-methylcholanthrene and diethylnitrosamine-induced multistep rat lung cancer.

The rat lung cancers induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) are considered to be a good model for illustrating genetic alterations in human lung precancerous and cancerous lesions. Recently, we had reported that the model can also be used to investigate the step-by-step dynamic changes in DNA methylation during lung carcinogenesis. In this study, we have used the same animal model to further study the evolution of methylation alterations of cell cycle regulatory genes CDKN1B (p27) and CDKN1C (p57).

Dynamic changes in DNA methylation during multistep rat lung carcinogenesis induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and diethylnitrosamine.

3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) are typical genotoxic carcinogens that can induce tumors in a variety of human and rodent tissues. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying their tumorigenesis are unclear. In this study we used a MCA/DEN-induced multistep lung carcinogenesis rat model to study the evolution of alterations in DNA methylation.

Development of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to determine variation in nutrient intakes between urban and rural areas of Chongqing, China.

Nationwide surveys of food and nutrient intake in China have revealed geographical variation between urban and rural areas. This study developed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) for cancer risk assessment suitable for both urban and rural populations by conducting a survey of food intake in Chongqing, China. We recruited 100 urban and 104 rural healthy residents aged from 35 to 55 years in Chongqing, and collected dietary data with 3-day weighed records to assist in the development of the SQFFQ.