Isolation, Absolute Configuration, and Biological Activities of Chebulic Acid and Brevifolincarboxylic Acid Derivatives from .

Twenty new chebulic acid and brevifolincarboxylic acid derivatives, including eight optically pure or achiral compounds (- and ) and six pairs of enantiomers (/-/), along with nine known analogues (-), were isolated from an EtOH extract of the aerial parts of . The absolute configurations of the new compounds were assigned based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD data. Racemic or scalemic mixtures of - were isolated, and their enantiomers were analyzed by chiral-phase HPLC-ECD measurements.

Oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins from Lysimachia fortunei Maxim.

Six previously undescribed oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, fortunosides A-F, together with six known ones, were isolated from the aerial parts of Lysimachia fortunei Maxim. Their structures were established by spectroscopic data analyses (1D, 2D-NMR and HRESIMS) and chemical methods. All isolated triterpenoid saponins were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four human liver cancer cell lines (SMMC-7721, Hep3B, HuH7, and SK-Hep-1).

[Comparative study on the situation of neglected children aged 3-6 year-olds between urban and rural areas of China].

Objective: To investigate and analyze the situation of urban and rural neglected children aged 3 - 6, in China, so as to provide basis for the analysis and comparison on relevant risk factors.

Methods: 1163 urban children aged 3 - 6 (with 49.6% males and 4.

[The status of child neglect for children aged 3 - 17 years in China].

Objective: To explore the status of child neglect among urban areas children and adolescents aged 3 - 17 years in China.

Methods: Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 8001 children and adolescents were recruited from 30 cities of 14 provinces in December 2008. The investigation was carried based on The 3 - 6 years old children Neglect Norms of city in China and The 6 - 17 years old children Neglect Norms of city in China.

[Study on the current situation and influential factors of child neglect among aged 3-6 year-olds in the urban areas of China].

Objective: Children aged 3 - 6 years in the urban areas of China were surveyed for the first time to find out the state of child neglect (CN) as well as the major relevant risk factors so as to provide evidence for developing intervention measures.

Methods: 1163 children (of whom 49.6% were males and 4.

[Investigation and analysis of child neglect in 1163 urban children aged 3 - 6 years].

Objective: Child abuse and neglect (CNS) increasingly have become a serious problem in modern society all over the world. Children neglected and abused are at risk for maladaptation in behavioral, emotional, social, cognitive, and physical functioning. The purpose of this investigation was to develop the Child Neglect Scale for children aged 3 - 6 years in Chinese urban areas and to test the reliability and validity of this norm.