Inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes: Is there a link between them?

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are reported to have an increased risk of diabetes. IBD therapies may also modulate blood glucose substantially. These observations are indicative of mechanistic connection(s) between IBD and diabetes.

Endovascular Celiac Denervation for Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of catheter-based endovascular denervation (EDN) at the celiac artery and abdominal aorta around the celiac artery on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: With a novel catheter system, EDN was conducted at the celiac artery along with the abdominal aorta around the celiac artery in patients with T2DM whose glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was >7.5%.

Efficacy of calcium dobesilate in treating Chinese patients with mild-to-moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (CALM-DR): protocol for a single-blind, multicentre, 24-armed cluster-randomised, controlled trial.

Introduction: Calcium dobesilate (CaD) has been used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) due to its potential in protecting against retinal vascular damage. However, there is limited evidence exploring its efficacy in combating DR progression. This study is aimed at evaluating whether CaD could prevent DR progression into an advanced stage among Chinese patients with mild-to-moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR).

Effects of Uric Acid-Lowering Treatment on Glycemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Serum uric acid levels have been shown to be associated with increased risk of diabetes. However, it remains unclear whether uric acid-lowering therapy (ULT) is associated with improved glycemic status. This study aimed to summarize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate whether ULT reduces fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.

Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a is a key inhibitor of islet stellate cells activation.

Aims/introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by islet β-cell dysfunction, which might result from the activation of islet stellate cells (ISCs). Our recent study showed that a specific population of ISCs is prone to be activated in type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by reduced secretion of insulin. The wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a (Wnt5a)/frizzled-5 signaling pathway might play an important role in this process.

Associations of Insulin Levels and Insulin Resistance With Urine Glucose Excretion Independent of Blood Glucose in Chinese Adults With Prediabetes and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes.

Several studies have demonstrated that renal glucose reabsorption is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the increased renal glucose reabsorption may contribute to the progression of hyperglycemia. Therefore, promoting urine glucose excretion (UGE) by suppression of renal glucose reabsorption is an attractive approach for the treatment of diabetes.

Identification of Newly Diagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes Using Fasting Plasma Glucose and Urinary Glucose in a Chinese Population: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Although fasting plasma glucose (FPG) has been highly recommended as the sole test for diabetes screening, the efficacy of FPG alone for diabetes screening is potentially limited due to its low sensitivity. The aim of this study was to improve the efficacy of FPG for diabetes screening using urinary glucose (UG).

Methods: This study was initiated on November 12, 2015, and ended on June 28, 2016.

Investigation into knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding medical nutrition therapy among patients with diabetes in China: Results from a national multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) associated with medical nutrition therapy (MNT) among Chinese adult patients with diabetes and prediabetes.

Methods: From May to August 2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 hospitals across China. The KAP of respondents was investigated through a pretested structured questionnaire in face-to-face interviews.

Islet Stellate Cells Isolated from Fibrotic Islet of Goto-Kakizaki Rats Affect Biological Behavior of Beta-Cell.

We previously isolated islet stellate cells (ISCs) from healthy Wistar rat islets. In the present study, we isolated "already primed by diabetic environment" ISCs from islets of Goto-Kakizaki rats, determined the gene profile of these cells, and assessed the effects of these ISCs on beta-cell function and survival. We detected gene expression of ISCs by digital gene expression.

Performance of Fasting Plasma Glucose and Postprandial Urine Glucose in Screening for Diabetes in Chinese High-risk Population.

Background: The conventional approaches to diabetes screening are potentially limited by poor compliance and laboratory demand. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial urine glucose (PUG) in screening for diabetes in Chinese high-risk population.

Methods: Nine hundred and nine subjects with high-risk factors of diabetes underwent oral glucose tolerance test after an overnight fast.

Exendin-4 improves thermogenic capacity by regulating fat metabolism on brown adipose tissue in mice with diet-induced obesity.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the benefits of exendin-4 treatment on brown adipose tissue (BAT) in C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity.

Methods: We examined the effects of exendin-4 on body adiposity and the level of genes associated with adipogenesis, glucose/lipid uptake, lipolysis, and thermogenesis in mice with diet-induced obesity.

Results: Exendin-4 treatment deceased body weight, serum-free fatty acid, and triglyceride levels in HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice.

Peer support for patients with type 2 diabetes in rural communities of China: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes has been growing rapidly in developing countries. This causes devastating economic burdens and increases demands on the health care system. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a cost-effective and multi-faceted approach for diabetes care.

Cholesterol Contributes to Diabetic Nephropathy through SCAP-SREBP-2 Pathway.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been associated with the presence of lipid deposition. We hypothesized that the disruption of intracellular cholesterol feedback may contribute to DN. Diabetes was induced by high fat/sucrose diet and low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

[Value of serum advanced glycation end products-peptide in the screening of diabetes mellitus in a community-based population of high-risk diabetics].

Objective: To explore the value of serum advanced glycation end products-peptide (AGE-P) in the screening of diabetes mellitus in a community-based population of high-risk diabetics.

Methods: A total number of 857 adult high-risk diabetics from a community-based population underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Blood samples were drawn to measure the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (2 hPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).

A nationwide survey of diabetes education, self-management and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in China.

Background: Diabetes management could be improved by diabetes education, through influencing attitudes towards diabetes, knowledge and behaviors of patients. The purpose of this study was to characterize the impact of diabetes education on glycemic control, and to assess the attitude, knowledge and self-care behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes in China.

Methods: This questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 50 medical centers across China from April to July of 2010.

Improving patients' adherence to physical activity in diabetes mellitus: a review.

Regular physical activity (PA) is a key element in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Participation in regular PA improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay T2DM and its complications, along with positively affecting lipids, blood pressure, cardiovascular events, mortality, and quality of life. However, most people with T2DM are not active and show poor adherence.

Application of a novel highly sensitive activity-based probe for detection of cathepsin G.

Cathepsins are crucial in antigen processing in the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) pathway. Within the proteolytic machinery, three classes of proteases (i.e.

Regulation of cathepsin G reduces the activation of proinsulin-reactive T cells from type 1 diabetes patients.

Autoantigenic peptides resulting from self-proteins such as proinsulin are important players in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Self-proteins can be processed by cathepsins (Cats) within endocytic compartments and loaded to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules for CD4(+) T cell inspection. However, the processing and presentation of proinsulin by antigen-presenting cells (APC) in humans is only partially understood.

Quality assessment and improvement in diabetes care-an issue now and for the future.

Damin and colleagues in this issue of DMRR Assessing quality of diabetes care and its variation in Aboriginal community health centres in Australia reviewed the quality of diabetes care and its variation among Aboriginal community health centres. They assessed partitioning of variation attributable to health centre and individual patient characteristics. The results demonstrated wide variation across different categories of diabetes care measures and across centres.

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from foot ulcers in diabetic patients in a Chinese care hospital: risk factors for infection and prevalence.

A retrospective case-control study of 118 (male : female, 68 : 50) Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with foot ulcers (Wagner's grade 3-5) was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in relation to the original community or hospital parameters. Ulcer specimens were processed for Gram staining, aerobic culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Staphylococcus species were tested for meticillin resistance using oxacillin.

Dyslipidaemia among diabetic patients with ischemic stroke in a Chinese hospital.

Background: Dyslipidaemia is a potential independent risk factor for cerebrovascular disease in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate dyslipidaemia, treatment and control of dyslipidaemia among diabetic patients with ischemic stroke in a Chinese hospital.

Methods: A total of 1046 type 2 diabetic patients were assigned to diabetes with (n = 522) and diabetes without stroke groups.

PPARgamma-mediated advanced glycation end products regulation of neural stem cells.

Hyperglycemia is accompanied by an accelerated rate of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation, which is found to be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic cognitive deficit, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays an important role in controlling the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their neuronal differentiation. We investigate the hypothesis that PPARgamma could mediate AGEs-related regulation of NSCs, by which AGEs possibly fulfill important roles in diabetic-related cognitive impairment.