A Genotype-Phenotype Model for Predicting Resistance Training Effects on Leg Press Performance.

This study develops a comprehensive genotype-phenotype model for predicting the effects of resistance training on leg press performance. A cohort of physically inactive adults (N=193) underwent 12 weeks of resistance training, and measurements of maximum isokinetic leg press peak force, muscle mass, and thickness were taken before and after the intervention. Whole-genome genotyping was performed, and genome-wide association analysis identified 85 novel SNPs significantly associated with changes in leg press strength after training.

Comparison of energy expenditure and substrate metabolism during overground and motorized treadmill running in Chinese middle-aged women.

The purpose of this study was to compare differences of energy expenditure and substrate metabolism between motorized-treadmill and overground running in three different velocities in Chinese middle-aged women. In total, 74 healthy middle-aged women (age, 48 ± 4 years; height, 159.4 ± 4.

Exceptional longevity and muscle and fitness related genotypes: a functional in vitro analysis and case-control association replication study with SNPs THRH rs7832552, IL6 rs1800795, and ACSL1 rs6552828.

There are several gene variants that are candidates to influence functional capacity in long-lived individuals. As such, their potential association with exceptional longevity (EL, i.e.

[Advance on exercise and health genomics and metabolomics].

Kinetism and fitness effects have high heritability. 10%~20% of people experiences no effects or lower 5% after exercise training, and the adverse responders also reached 10%-20%. Genomics and metabolomics are introduced to expound the individual difference and molecular mechanism that exercise training benefits health.

FNDC5 (irisin) gene and exceptional longevity: a functional replication study with rs16835198 and rs726344 SNPs.

Irisin might play an important role in reducing the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, or several related diseases, and high irisin levels may contribute to successful aging. Thus, the irisin precursor (FNDC5) gene is a candidate to influence exceptional longevity (EL), i.e.

The effect of baduanjin on promoting the physical fitness and health of adults.

The purpose of study was to assess the efficacy of a 16-week Baduanjin qigong training intervention in promoting physical fitness and health for adults. An experimental design was adopted, and subjects were assigned randomly into an experimental group (n = 55) and a control group (n = 55). In the intervention group comprised of adults, there were no significant variations in blood glucose, blood lipid, blood pressure, heart rate variability, and vital capacity indices.

PTK2 rs7460 and rs7843014 polymorphisms and exceptional longevity: a functional replication study.

Focal adhesion is critical for cell survival. The focal adhesion kinase (FAK, or PTK2) is an important component of the human interactome and thus is a potential longevity-related protein. Here we studied the association between two PTK2 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7843014, rs7460) and exceptional longevity (EL).

Heart rate variability threshold values for early-warning nonfunctional overreaching in elite female wrestlers.

Functional overreaching (FOR) represents intense training followed by a brief reduction in performance and then a rapid recovery (<2 weeks) and performance supercompensation. Nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) occurs when the reduced performance continues ≥3 weeks. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a promising tool for detecting NFOR.

Acyl coenzyme A synthetase long-chain 1 (ACSL1) gene polymorphism (rs6552828) and elite endurance athletic status: a replication study.

The aim of this study was to determine the association between the rs6552828 polymorphism in acyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACSL1) and elite endurance athletic status. We studied 82 Caucasian (Spanish) World/Olympic-class endurance male athletes, and a group of sex and ethnically matched healthy young adults (controls, n=197). The analyses were replicated in a cohort of a different ethnic origin (Chinese of the Han ethnic group), composed of elite endurance athletes (runners) [cases, n=241 (128 male)] and healthy sedentary adults [controls, n=504 (267 male)].

Are calcineurin genes associated with athletic status? A function, replication study.

Purpose: Polymorphisms in calcineurin genes are candidates to explain individual variations in endurance sports performance owing to the pivotal role that the calcineurin signaling pathway plays in the regulation of important cardiac and skeletal muscle phenotypes.

Methods: We compared genotypic/allelic frequencies in 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the five genes (PPP3CA, PPP3CB, PPP3CC, PPP3R1, and PPP3R2) encoding the calcineurin protein subunits between 123 elite runners (cases, n = 61 women) and 125 healthy nonathletes (controls, n = 56 women) from the same ethnic background (Han Chinese) and used the dual-luciferase reporter assay to analyze the functional significance of the associated SNP.

Results: The C allele of the PPP3CA rs3804358 polymorphism was overrepresented in athletes (17%) compared with controls (8%) (P = 0.

Polymorphisms in the calcineurin genes are associated with the training responsiveness of cardiac phenotypes in Chinese young adults.

We studied the association of 55 polymorphisms in the PPP3CA, PPP3CB, PPP3CC, PPP3R1 and PPP3R2 genes with both (1) the pre-training levels and (2) responsiveness to endurance training (18 weeks), of echocardiographic variables. The latter were measured both before and after the training program at each of the following time points: before (rest), during and after cycle-ergometry exercise. Subjects were healthy young Chinese men of Han origin [n = 102; mean (SD) age: 19 ± 1 years].

Are calcineurin genes associated with endurance phenotype traits?

Polymorphisms in calcineurin genes are candidates to explain individual variations in endurance phenotype traits owing to the pivotal role that the calcineurin signaling pathway plays in the regulation of important cardiac and skeletal muscle phenotypes such as slow myosin heavy chain expression, skeletal muscle oxidative capacity or cardiac hypertrophy. We studied the possible association of 55 polymorphisms in the calcineurin gene isoforms PPP3CA, PPP3CB, PPP3CC, PPP3R1 and PPP3R2 with both baseline levels and responsiveness to a 18-week endurance training program of maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)max) and running economy (RE) in healthy young Chinese men [n = 102; mean (SD) age 19 +/- 1 years] of Han origin. We used two-way (genotype, training) ANOVA for repeated measures to compare baseline and trainability of VO(2)max and RE among genotypes of the aforementioned polymorphisms.