Trichinella spiralis cathepsin B bound and degraded host's intestinal type I collagen.

Trichinellosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that poses threats to human health, the meat industry, food safety, and huge financial losses. The critical stage of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection is the invasion of intestinal larvae into the host's intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).

Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy in Lateral Position: A New Strategy for Correcting Severe Thoracolumbar Kyphosis Combined with Hip Flexion Contracture in Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Objective: To describe spinal osteotomy in lateral position, which might be a new strategy for correcting thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity combined with severe hip flexion contracture, and to present two cases in which this method was successfully performed.

Methods: Spinal osteotomies in lateral position were performed in two patients with severe thoracolumbar kyphosis combined with hip flexion contracture, which was not suitable for operation in the prone position. Case 1: a 33-year-old female AS patient still had severe hip flexion contracture due to poor rehabilitation after total hip replacement (THR).

Correlation of Acetabular Anteversion and Thoracic Kyphosis Postoperatively with Proximal Junctional Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Fused to Pelvis.

Objectives: To investigate whether the immediate thoracic kyphosis (TK) and acetabular anteversion (AA) postoperatively are correlated with proximal junctional failure (PJF) in adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients underwent surgical treatment.

Methods: This is a retrospective study. Following institutional ethics approval, a total of 57 patients (49 Female, eight Male) with ASD underwent surgery fused to sacroiliac bone (S1, S2, or ilium) from March 2014 to January 2019 were included.

Association of Sagittal Spinopelvic Realignment with Correction in Lower Lumbar Lordosis after Surgical Treatment in Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis.

Objective: To assess the effect that correction of lower lumbar lordosis (3L) has on global spine realignment due to the key role of 3L for scoliosis surgery in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS).

Methods: This study is a retrospective review performed between June 2018 and January 2020, including consecutive patients with DLS. Only patients age ≥ 45 years who had already undergone a selective root block operation and had the procedure of long-fusion extending to pelvis and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) at lower lumbar spine (L -S ) were retained for analysis.

Spine-Pelvis-Hip Alignments in Degenerative Spinal Deformity Patients and Associated Procedure of One-Stage Long-Fusion with Multiple-Level PLIF or Apical-Vertebra Three Column Osteotomy-a Clinical and Radiographic Analysis Study.

Objective: To explore the spine-pelvis-hip alignments in degenerative spinal deformity (DSD) patients, and compare the outcomes in the procedure of long-fusion with posterior lumbar inter-body fusion (PLIF) or single-level three-column osteotomy (STO) at lower lumbar level (LLL, L -S ) and thoracolumbar levels (TLL, T -L ) for those patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective study. Following institutional ethics approval, a total of 83 patients (Female, 67; Male, 16) with DSD underwent long-fusion with PLIF or STO surgery between March 2015 and December 2017 were reviewed.

Optimal Pelvic Incidence Minus Lumbar Lordosis Mismatch after Long Posterior Instrumentation and Fusion for Adult Degenerative Scoliosis.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-Schwab sagittal modifiers of pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis mismatch (PI-LL) on clinical outcomes for adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) after long posterior instrumentation and fusion.

Methods: This was a single-institute, retrospective study. From 2012 to 2014, 44 patients with ADS who underwent posterior instrumentation and fusion treatment were reviewed.

Intraperitoneal Inoculation: An Atypical Route of Infection.

Background: The intraperitoneal injection is a common method for establishing the experimental animal model infected with parasites. The aim of this study was to investigate if the intraperitoneal injection was another route of infection.

Methods: From June to July 2015, twenty BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 300 muscle larvae in Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, China.

Characterisation of the relationship between Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and Diphyllobothrium species using complete cytb and cox1 genes.

Spirometra erinaceieuropaei is an important diphyllobothriid cestode whose larval plerocercoid (sparganum) can parasitise humans, causing sparganosis. In China, sparganosis is an important foodborne parasitic zoonosis and poses a serious threat to human health. However, our knowledge of the taxonomic classification of S.

Characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Plerocercoid Cysteine Protease and Potential Application for Serodiagnosis of Sparganosis.

Background: Sparganosis is a neglected but important food-borne parasitic zoonosis. Clinical diagnosis of sparganosis is difficult because there are no specific manifestations. ELISA using plerocercoid crude or excretory-secretory (ES) antigens has high sensitivity but has cross-reactions with other helminthiases.

Molecular identification of Trichinella spiralis nudix hydrolase and its induced protective immunity against trichinellosis in BALB/c mice.

Background: Nudix hydrolases (Nd) is a widespread superfamily, which is found in all classes of organism, hydrolyse a wide range of organic pyrophosphates and has a 'housecleaning' function. The previous study showed that Trichinella spiralis Nd (TsNd) bound to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and the vaccination of mice with T7 phage-displayed TsNd polypeptides produced protective immunity. The aim of this study was to clone, express and identify the full-length TsNd and to investigate its immune protection against T.

Molecular characterization of a Spirometra mansoni antigenic polypeptide gene encoding a 28.7 kDa protein.

The Spirometra mansoni antigenic polypeptide (SmAP) gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its characteristics and value as an antigen for the serodiagnosis of sparganosis were investigated. The recombinant SmAP protein (rSmAP) has the molecular weight of 28.7 kDa.

Phage-displayed specific polypeptide antigens induce significant protective immunity against Trichinella spiralis infection in BALB/c mice.

Trichinellosis is a public health problem and is considered an emerging/re-emerging disease in various countries. The etiological agent of trichinellosis is the nematode Trichinella, which infects humans, domestic animals and wildlife. A veterinary vaccine could be an option to control the disease in domestic animals.