Therapeutic drug monitoring of methotrexate by disposable SPCE biosensor for personalized medicine.

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of malignant tumors and autoimmune diseases. High-dose MTX has been shown to be an effective approach for treating various malignant tumors, but it is accompanied by numerous toxic side effects, necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for patients and timely "folinic acid rescue." High-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) are currently used to detect MTX, but these methods are limited by complex sample preparation, time consumption, and high cost.

Thyroid function variations within the reference range and cognitive function: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The causal relationship between thyroid function variations within the reference range and cognitive function remains unknown. We aimed to explore this causal relationship using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods: Summary statistics of a thyroid function genome-wide association study (GWAS) were obtained from the ThyroidOmics consortium, including reference range thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (N = 54,288) and reference range free thyroxine (FT4) (N = 49,269).

An effective AI model for automatically detecting arteriovenous fistula stenosis.

In this study, a novel artificial intelligence (AI) model is proposed to detect stenosis in arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) using inexpensive and non-invasive audio recordings. The proposed model is a combination of two new input features based on short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and sample entropy, as well as two associated classification models (ResNet50 and ANN). The model's hyper-parameters were optimized through the use of the design of the experiment (DOE).

Impaired Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones is Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Euthyroid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing. Thyroid hormones are key regulators of cognitive function in adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone sensitivity and MCI in euthyroid T2D patients.

Uric acid index is a risk for mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes.

Background: A new uric acid (UA) index has recently been proposed, while serum uric acid (SUA), fasting triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose levels in the index are shown to affect cognitive function. This study aims to investigate the clinical value of the UA index for assessing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.

Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study with 616 participants.

Association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Evidence indicates that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Inflammation is a recognized sign of many neurodegenerative diseases. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a novel and inexpensive marker of inflammation.

Triglyceride Glucose Index is Related with the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index reflects insulin resistance; the latter being associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of the TyG index to identify MCI in patients living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a cross-sectional study.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 517 patients with T2D.

[Mechanism and protocol optimization of acupuncture in treatment of obesity based on sympathetic nerve system].

The physiological function of adipose tissue is dominated by the sympathetic nerve system (SNS), but obesity and other diseases may cause the abnormality of the SNS signaling pathway. Acupuncture has been proved to be an effective the-rapy to improve the function of SNS in adipose tissue. Based on the physiological and pathological significance of SNS, this paper reviewed the molecular pathways in which acupuncture directly or indirectly regulated the function of SNS in adipose tissue.

Exosomal ncRNAs: Novel therapeutic target and biomarker for diabetic complications.

Exosomes are discoid vesicles with a diameter of 40-160 nm. They are mainly derived from the multivesicular body formed by the invagination of lysosomal particles in the cell, which are released into the extracellular matrix after the fusion of the outer membrane. Exosomes are widespread and distributed in various body fluids, they are rich in nucleic acids (microRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, mRNA, tRNA, etc.

Association Among Lipid Accumulation Product, Chinese Visceral Obesity Index and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aim: Obesity often coexists with diabetes, especially abdominal obesity, recognized as a risk factor for diabetic complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes, may be associated with these indices. Lipid accumulation product (LAP) and Chinese visceral obesity index (CVAI) are novel visceral obesity indicators, which have been proven to be an influential factor predicting type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Brainstem auditory evoked potential in cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can cause mild cognitive impairment (MCI) which threatens the health of patients. So the diagnosis of MCI is particularly important. It is reported that brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) is a sensitive tool to detect the brainstem function in patients with T2DM.

Retinal microglia polarization in diabetic retinopathy.

Microglia, the main immune cell of the central nervous system (CNS), categorized into M1-like phenotype and M2-like phenotype, play important roles in phagocytosis, cell migration, antigen presentation, and cytokine production. As a part of CNS, retinal microglial cells (RMC) play an important role in retinal diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes.

Study of the therapeutic effect of raw and processed Vladimiriae Radix on ulcerative colitis based on intestinal flora, metabolomics and tissue distribution analysis.

Background: The intestinal flora imbalance and metabolic disorders are closely related to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). As a commonly used herb for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, Vladimiriae Radix (VR) has been used for hundreds of years, and its main active ingredients are costunolide (COS) and dehydrocostus lactone (DEH). Clinical usage habits and previous studies have shown that the processed Vladimiriae Radix (pVR) seems to be more suitable for treating bowel disease than the raw Vladimiriae Radix (rVR), but there is still no relevant comparative study.

Association Between Lipid Accumulation Product and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Diabetes may increase the risk of conversion of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. Lipid accumulation product (LAP), an index of visceral obesity, has been shown to be a powerful predictor of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between LAP and MCI in T2D.

Potential roles of Glucagon-like peptide-1 and its analogues in cognitive impairment associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global disease that poses a significant threat to public health. The incidence of both diabetes and dementia has increased simultaneously. Researchers have found that a large proportion of dementia patients have T2DM.

High Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase Level Is Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) can increase the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which has been confirmed by previous researches. With the frequent occurrence of MCI in patients with DR, the early detection of MCI has become a research hot-spot. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and MCI in patients with DR.

MicroRNAs: Potential Targets in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a serious microvascular complication of diabetes, is a leading cause of blindness in adults. The pathogenesis of DR involves a variety of tissues and complex mechanisms, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, optic neurodegeneration, and autophagy. Nowadays, microRNAs (miRNAs), a novel group of non-coding small RNAs, have been extensively studied and recognized to play a key role in the pathogenesis of DR through aforementioned pathways.

A new research hot spot: The role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, a key step in pyroptosis, in diabetes and diabetic complications.

Pyroptosis is a form of cell death mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD); it is characterised by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, caspase activation, cell membrane pore formation, and the release of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a central role in pyroptosis. Recent research has suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be involved in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications.

The characteristics of Hep-2 cell with multiple drug resistance induced by Taxol.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of Hep-2 cell with multidrug resistance (MDR) induced by Taxol.

Study Design: Hep-2 cells were exposed in stepwise escalating concentration of Taxol to develop the resistant cell line-Hep-2T. Cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and rhodamine accumulation were studied through flow cytometry.

[Research of fibronectin, p53 and Ezrin protein with occurrence, progress and prognosis in the primary laryngeal carcinoma by the tissuechip technology].

Objective: To evaluate the predictive role of fibronectin, p81 (Ezrin protein) and p53 gene in primary laryngeal carcinoma, it's relationship with epidemiology(smoking), histological grading, surgical treatment, TNM stage and prognosis were studied by the tissuechip technology.

Methods: The expression of fibronectin, p53 gene and p81 (Ezrin protein) on a series of 85 primary laryngeal carcinoma patients treated in our hospital between 1992 and 2000 was studied with tissuechip technology. The correlation of each score according to the intensity and percentage of labeled cells or intercellular substance with relevant clinical dada was statistically analyzed.