Multiple gouty tophi in the head and neck with normal serum uric acid: A case report and review of literatures.

Background: Gouty tophus is rarely reported in the head and neck areas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on multiple gouty tophi in the head and neck with normal serum uric acid (SUA) levels.

Case Summary: We report a case of multiple gouty tophi in the nasal dorsal and auricle regions with normal SUA levels.

Effectively Intervening Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells With a Combination of ROCK and TGF-β Signaling Inhibitors.

Purpose: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a key pathological event in proliferative retinal diseases such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). This study aimed to explore a new method to reverse EMT in RPE cells to develop an improved therapy for proliferative retinal diseases.

Methods: In vitro, human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells were passaged and cultured at low density for an extended period of time to establish an EMT model.