Higher CSF sTREM2 attenuates APOE ε4-related risk for amyloid pathology in cognitively intact adults: The CABLE study.

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a transmembrane protein found in microglia within the brain, and its soluble form (sTREM2) has been shown to reduce amyloid deposition. Whether elevated TREM2-mediated microglial activity decreases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of sTREM2 attenuate the risk of APOE ε4-associated amyloid pathology.

Tumor differentiation-dependent conditional survival of patients with operable thyroid cancer.

Objective: Little is known about the changing risk profile of death and conditional survival in patients with operable thyroid cancer. This study aimed to investigate the annual hazard rate of cancer death, actuarial disease-specific survival (DSS), and conditional DSS in patients with thyroid cancer and explore the effects of tumor differentiation.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer (N = 132,354) between 2004 and 2019 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

AMPK, a hub for the microenvironmental regulation of bone homeostasis and diseases.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial regulatory kinase, monitors energy levels, conserving ATP and boosting synthesis in low-nutrition, low-energy states. Its sensitivity links microenvironmental changes to cellular responses. As the primary support structure and endocrine organ, the maintenance, and repair of bones are closely associated with the microenvironment.

Activation of ASIC3/ERK pathway by paeoniflorin improves intestinal fluid metabolism and visceral sensitivity in slow transit constipated rats.

Slow transit constipation (STC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in children and adults worldwide. Paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside compound extracted from the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora, has been found to alleviate STC, but the mechanisms of its effect remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of PF on intestinal fluid metabolism and visceral sensitization in rats with compound diphenoxylate-induced STC.

Comprehensive characterization of TGFB1 across hematological malignancies.

TGFB1, which encodes TGF-β1, a potent cytokine regulating varies cellular processes including immune responses. TGF-β1 plays context-dependent roles in cancers and is increasingly recognized as a therapeutic target to enhance immunotherapy responses. We comprehensively evaluated expression of TGFB1 and its clinical and biological effects across hematological malignancies.

ceRNA regulatory network of FIH inhibitor as a radioprotector for gastrointestinal toxicity by activating the HIF-1 pathway.

Given the relentless renewal ability of intestinal crypt-base stem cells, small intestine in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is more vulnerable to radiation-induced disruption. Through promoting epithelial integrity and reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been proved to exhibit radioprotective effects in the GI tract. Therefore, enhancing stability or transcriptional activity of HIFs might be a therapeutic strategy for developing radioprotectors.

Comparisons of perioperative and survival outcomes of laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for serosa-positive (pT4a) gastric cancer patients: a propensity score matched analysis.

Background: Data about whether laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is applicable in serosa-positive (pT4a) gastric cancer patients remain rare. The purpose of this study is to compare the perioperative and long-term outcomes between the laparoscopic and open gastrectomy (OG) in pT4a gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection.

Methods: A total of 1086 consecutive pT4a patients (101 patients with LG and 985 with OG) who underwent curative gastrectomy in a high-volume center between 2006 and 2016 were evaluated.

Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization of Alkynes for Synthesis of Dioxodibenzothiazepines.

A facile and efficient approach for the synthesis of the CF-containing dioxodibenzothiazepines has been developed via copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation/cyclization of alkynes utilizing a radical relay strategy. This method has demonstrated low catalyst loading, high regiocontrol, and broad scope under mild conditions. Good compatibility for the N-protecting group, gram-scale experiment, and further derivation of product prove the versatility of this transformation.

Nickel-catalyzed monofluoromethylation of (hetero)aryl bromides via reductive cross-coupling.

A mild and efficient nickel-catalyzed direct monofluoromethylation of (hetero)aryl bromides by reductive cross-coupling has been developed. This method exhibits good efficiency, wide functional-group compatibility, and suitability for aryl and heteroaryl bromides with abundant industrial raw material BrCHF. This strategy provides an efficient way to synthesize monofluoromethylated molecules for drug discovery.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by Microencapsulated Chondrocytes on Repairing of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells induced by microencapsulated chondrocytes on repairing of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Methods: Rabbit chondrocytes and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were derived. Chondrocytes were microencapsulated by a microcapsule generator to produce microencapsulated chondrocytes (MEC).

Cellular internalization and trafficking of 20 KDa human growth hormone.

Twenty kilodalton human growth hormone (20K-GH) is the second most abundant GH isoform after the twenty-two kilodalton human growth hormone (22 K-GH) isoform. 20K-GH exhibits similar but not identical physiological activities as that of 22K-GH. The cell behaviour of 22K-GH has been extensively studied, but little or no information has been reported regarding 20K-GH.

Recombinant expression, purification and antimicrobial activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide PaDef in Pichia pastoris.

The antimicrobial peptide PaDef was isolated from Mexican avocado fruit and was reported to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in 2013. In this study, an N-terminal 6 × His tagged recombinant PaDef (rPaDef) with a molecular weight of 7.5 KDa, for the first time, was expressed as a secreted peptide in Pichia pastoris.

Expression, purification and initial characterization of a novel recombinant antimicrobial peptide Mytichitin-A in Pichia pastoris.

Mytichitin-A is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the serum of Mytilus coruscus and is reported to inhibit bacterial growth as tested on several Gram-positive bacteria. To produce large quantity of Mytichitin-A to further investigate its biological activity, nucleotide sequence encoding a recombinant 6 × His-Mytichitin-A (rMytichitin-A) peptide was synthesized and inserted into the inducible yeast expression vector pPICZαA. With the availability of such an expression vector called pPICZαA-Mytichitin-A, we transformed Pichia pastoris GS115 cells with a SacI-linearized pPICZαA-Mytichitin-A by electroporation.

[Proximal femoral geometry changes after femoral neck fracture treated with total hip arthroplasty].

Objective: To observe the changes of proximal femoral geometry after femoral neck fracture treated with THA, analyze the existent of differences and their manifestation.

Methods: All patients of femoral neck fracture (FNF) and osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) were treated with THA by the same operating team from January to December of 2014, including 22 patients with FNF (11 males and 11 females,with age from 44 to 83 years old (means 66.18 ± 11.

Moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy versus bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for second-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis.

Background: Moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy has been suggested as an alternative second-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection.

Aims: To systematically review the efficacy and tolerance of moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy in second-line H. pylori eradication, and to conduct a meta-analysis of studies comparing this regimen with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.

Detection of K-ras gene mutation in fecal samples from elderly large intestinal cancer patients and its diagnostic significance.

Aim: To study the diagnostic significance of K-ras gene mutations in fecal samples from elderly patients with large intestinal cancer.

Methods: DNA was extracted in the fecal and tissue samples from 23 large intestinal cancer patients, 20 colonic adenomatoid polypus patients and 20 healthy subjects. The K-ras gene mutations at the first and second bases of codon 12 were detected by the allele specific mismatch method.

Colonoscopic screening and follow-up for colorectal cancer in the elderly.

Aim: To improve the prevention and treatment of senile patients with colorectal cancer by evaluating the importance of colonoscopy in clinical screening and follow-up.

Methods: Clinical screening of colonoscopy was performed for 2196 patients aged 60-90 years old according to the protocol,and 1740 of them (79.2%) were followed-up.