Incidence of Gingival Black Triangles following Treatment with Fixed Orthodontic Appliance: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to investigate the relation between orthodontic treatment (OT) and the incidence of the gingival black triangle (GBT) after completing treatment with a fixed orthodontic appliance, as well as the associated risk factors and the level of alveolar bone. Electronic and hand searches were conducted in three electronic databases for relevant articles published up to March 2022. Retrieved articles went through a two-step screening procedure, and the risk of bias (RoB) was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists.

Morphology, incidence of bridging, and dimensions of sella turcica in different racial groups.

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the morphological appearance, incidence of bridging, and linear dimensions of the sella turcica (ST) in Bosnian and Iraqi subjects, and to identify associations of sex, age, and racial group with the size of the ST.

Methods: The digital standardised lateral cephalograms of 360 Bosnian and Iraqi patients (116 female, 64 male; age range 8-28 years) were retrospectively analysed. The following ST-related parameters were analysed on the lateral cephalograms: sella morphology, sella bridging, and sella size.