Effects of high-intensity chronic noise on spatial memory in male versus female rats.

The detrimental effects of high-intensity noise on the auditory system and emotional status, including the induction of anxiety, are well documented. Preclinical as well as epidemiological and clinical studies have solidly established differential responses between males and females to various stressful stimuli, including high-intensity white noise (HIWN). However, whether chronic exposure to noise affects cognitive functions and whether this effect is sex dependent has not been adequately addressed.

ONYCHOLYSIS AS A COMPLICATION OF TAXANE-BASED CHEMOTHERAPY WITH CONCOMITANT CRYOTHERAPY IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: TWO CASE REPORTS.

Nail changes are a common side effect of taxane chemotherapy, although onycholysis is quite a rare complication the correct management of which is poorly standardized. These case reports provide a description and analysis of onycholysis, a rare but noteworthy complication observed during taxane-based chemotherapy with concomitant cryotherapy in two patients with breast cancer. Despite prophylactic measures, both cases experienced nail complications during Paclitaxel treatment, underlining the complex nature of onycholysis during taxane therapy and highlighting the critical role of nail assessment and infection screening.

Propionic acid affects the synaptic architecture of rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

It is well documented that propionic acid (PPA) produces behavioral, morphological, molecular and immune responses in rats that are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder in humans. However, whether PPA affects the ultrastructure and synaptic architecture of regions of autistic brain has not been adequately addressed. Earlier we show that single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of PPA (175 mg/kg) produces superficial changes in the spatial memory and learning of adolescent male Wistar rats.

Differential effects of aging on hippocampal ultrastructure in male vs. female rats.

Age-related decline in physical and cognitive functions are facts of life that do not affect everyone to the same extent. We had reported earlier that such cognitive decline is both sex- and context-dependent. Moreover, age-associated ultrastructural changes were observed in the hippocampus of male rats.

Short- and long-term effects of chronic toluene exposure on spatial memory in adolescent and adult male Wistar rats.

Addiction to toluene-containing volatile inhalants is of significant medical and social concern, particularly among youth. These concerns are underscored by the fact that the majority of adult abusers of toluene started as teenagers. Surprisingly, however, the lasting effects of chronic toluene exposure, especially in various age groups, have not been well investigated.

Short- and long-term effects of chronic toluene exposure on recognition memory in adolescent and adult male Wistar rats.

Abuse of toluene-containing volatile inhalants, particularly among youth, is of significant medical and social concern worldwide. Teenagers constitute the most abundant users of toluene and the majority of adult abusers of toluene started as teenagers. Although the euphoric and neurotoxic effects of acute toluene have been widely studied, lasting effects of chronic toluene exposure, especially in various age groups, have not been well investigated.

THE EFFECT OF HIGH INTENSITY WHITE NOISE ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF AXO-DENDRITIC SYNAPSES IN COLLICULUS INFERIOR OF ADULT MALE CATS. QUANTITATIVE ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY.

Environmental noise is a serious problem for the society and medicine. Chronic loud noise is known to produce numerous adverse effects on different levels of the organism. In addition to behavioral changes, the involvement of different regions of the brain was documented.

Anxiety and ultrastructural consequences of chronic mild stress in rats.

Detrimental consequences following exposure to severe stress, either acute or chronic are well recognized. Chronic mild stress (CMS) is also a leading cause of emotional distress and neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders. However, the neurobiological substrates of the latter, particularly at the ultrastructural levels have not been adequately investigated.

FINE ARCHITECTURE OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN ADOLESCENT, ADULT AND AGED RATS. ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY.

The study included adolescents (P30-36), adult (P125-130) and aged (P330-340) male Wistar rats - 4 animals in each age group. The rats were housed individually, in wire-top polypropylene cages (30-cm width x 30 cm length x 25 cm height) and maintained on a 12-h light/dark cycle. Standard food pellets and tap water were ad libitum.

Age-related cognitive decline in rats is sex and context dependent.

Previously, we had observed age-related cognitive decline in male rats compared to adolescent and adult rats. This was shown in both a multi-branched maze test (MBM), as well as in the Morris water maze test (MWM). In the present study, we compared the behavior of similar age groups in both male and female rats using the same paradigms.

Electron microscopy demonstrating noise exposure alters synaptic vesicle size in the inferior colliculus of cat.

Context: White noise is known to have detrimental effects on different brain regions, especially auditory regions, including inferior colliculus. Although the basis for such alterations has been hypothesized to result from abnormalities in neurotransmitter release, the mechanism is unclear. The final step in neurotransmission is the docking and transient fusion of synaptic vesicles at the base of cup-shaped lipoprotein structures called porosomes at the presynaptic membrane and the consequent release of neurotransmitters.

COVID-19 AND CHILDREN: COMPLICATIONS AND LATE OUTCOMES.

Since December 2019, Covid-19 has become a challenge for doctors around the world, including pediatricians. In most infected children, the disease manifests itself in a mild or is char- acterized by a subclinical course. At the same time, in some cases, a severe clinical picture of the so-called late Covid disease may develop, in the form of a multisystem syndrome and other complications.

Aging affects cognition and hippocampal ultrastructure in male Wistar rats.

It is now well established that aging is associated with emotional and cognitive changes. Although the basis of such changes is not fully understood, ultrastructural alterations in key brain areas are likely contributing factors. Recently, we reported that aging-related anxiety in male Wistar rats is associated with ultrastructural changes in the central nucleus of amygdala, an area that plays important role in emotional regulation.

Gender differences in anxiety response to high intensity white noise in rats.

Prolong exposure to high intensity white noise (HIWN), defined as a heterogeneous mixture of sound waves extending over a wide frequency range, has detrimental peripheral and central consequences including cardiovascular and emotional effects. Anxiety is a common manifestation of HIWN. Although gender-dependent differences in manifestation of anxiety and/or response to treatment of this condition has been amply documented, potential differences in response to HIWN, a common exposure in combat, construction and rave disco, has not been adequately investigated.

Age-related behavioral and ultrastructural changes in the rat amygdala.

Although the relationships between brain structure and emotions may alter across the life span, this relationship is of particular importance during aging when significant alterations in emotions may be manifested. Understanding the structural-behavioral relationship could not only provide a neurobiological basis of these changes, but could also suggest potential intervention. Since anxiety is commonly observed in aging population, we undertook this study to determine the extent of this behavioral manifestations as well as the associated ultrastructural changes in the amygdala.

Behavioral and neuroanatomical effects on exposure to White noise in rats.

Noise pollution is a severe public health problem as continuous exposure to even moderate noise levels between 55-65 dB can lead to various pathologies, including neurological states. In the present study, we assessed the ultrastructural alterations in selective auditory pathways of the rat brain following high intensity white noise exposure. In addition, learning, anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity were assessed.

Behavioural and brain ultrastructural changes following the systemic administration of propionic acid in adolescent male rats. Further development of a rodent model of autism.

Short chain fatty acids, produced as gut microbiome metabolites but also present in the diet, exert broad effects in host physiology. Propionic acid (PPA), along with butyrate and acetate, plays a growing role in health, but also in neurological conditions. Increased PPA exposure in humans, animal models and cell lines elicit diverse behavioural and biochemical changes consistent with organic acidurias, mitochondrial disorders and autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

Effect of propionic acid on the morphology of the amygdala in adolescent male rats and their behavior.

Autism spectrum disorder is a group of life-long developmental syndromes, characterized by stereotypic behavior, restricted, communication deficits, cognitive and social impairments. Autism spectrum disorder is heritable state, provided by the mutations of well-conserved genes; however, it has been increasingly accepted, that most of such states are the result of complex interaction between individual's genetic profile and the environment that he/she is exposed to. Gut microbiota plays one of the central roles in the etiology of autism.

Neuronal Porosome Complex: Secretory Machinery at the Nerve Terminal.

Neuronal porosomes are 15 nm cup-shaped lipoprotein secretory machines composed of nearly 30 proteins present at the presynaptic membrane, that have been investigated using multiple imaging modalities, such as electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and solution X-ray. Synaptic vesicles transiently dock and fuse at the base of the porosome cup facing the cytosol, by establishing a fusion pore for neurotransmitter release. Studies on the morphology, dynamics, isolation, composition, and reconstitution of the neuronal porosome complex provide a molecular understanding of its structure and function.

[JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS AND CALCINOSIS].

Juvenile Dermatomiositis (JD) is autoimmune disease that progresses with time; JD's main differentiated syndromes are rash on the skin, poor function of muscles, and often developing invalidism. If the health practitioners manage to diagnose the JD on an early stage and prescribe the adequate treatment the disease will not progress aggressively. This approach is tangible for practical rheumatology and pediatric.

Electron microscopic morphometry of isolated rat brain porosome complex.

Porosomes are the universal secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane where secretory vesicles dock and transiently fuse via the kiss-and-run mechanism of cellular secretion, to release intravesicular cargo to the outside of the cell. During last two decades discovery of porosome and a great volume of work from different laboratories provide molecular insights on the structure, function, and composition of the porosome complex, especially the neuronal porosome. In rat neurons 12-17 nm cup-shaped lipoprotein porosomes present at presynaptic membrane.

Ultrastructural changes to rat hippocampus in pentylenetetrazol- and kainic acid-induced status epilepticus: A study using electron microscopy.

A pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus model in rats was used in the study. The brains were studied one month after treatment. Ultrastructural observations using electron microscopy performed on the neurons, glial cells, and synapses, in the hippocampal CA1 region of epileptic brains, demonstrated the following major changes over normal control brain tissue.

Wilson disease with thrombocytopenia (case report).

We present an adolescent patient with WD accompanied with secondary amenorrhea, and thrombocytopenia. NK, a 14 year-old girl, had amenorrhea for 5 months despite having had regular menses for 2 years. An abdominal ultrasound scan revealed ascitis and some ovarian cysts.

White noise and neuronal porosome complex: transmission electron microscopic study.

In the present electron microscopic study the effect of continuous white noise on the morphology of synapses and neuronal porosome complex (the neurotransmitter-release or secretory machinery) in two subcortical auditory brain regions - colliculus inferior and medial geniculate body in cat, were investigated. Several morphological alterations in some synapses were detected in both subcortical areas. These alterations mainly indicate to the decrease of functional activity of synapses.

The protective effect of myo-inositol on hippocamal cell loss and structural alterations in neurons and synapses triggered by kainic acid-induced status epilepticus.

It is known that myo-inositol pretreatment attenuates the seizure severity and several biochemical changes provoked by experimentally induced status epilepticus. However, it remains unidentified whether such properties of myo-inositol influence the structure of epileptic brain. In the present light and electron microscopic research we elucidate if pretreatment with myo-inositol has positive effect on hippocampal cell loss, and cell and synapses damage provoked by kainic acid-induced status epilepticus.