Unraveling the pH-Dependent Oxygen Reduction Performance on Single-Atom Catalysts: From Single- to Dual-Sabatier Optima.

Metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) single-atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as a potential substitute for the costly platinum-group catalysts in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, several critical aspects of M-N-C SACs in ORR remain poorly understood, including their pH-dependent activity, selectivity for 2- or 4-electron transfer pathways, and the identification of the rate-determining steps. Herein, by analyzing >100 M-N-C structures and >2000 sets of energetics, we unveil a pH-dependent evolution in ORR activity volcanos─from a single peak in alkaline media to a double peak in acids.

Single-cell RNA analysis of chemokine expression in heterogeneous CD14 monocytes with lipopolysaccharide-induced bone resorption.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone resorption has normally been found in inflammatory bone diseases, but the underlying mechanism is currently unclear. Since LPS binds to CD14 and activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in monocytes, the present study focused on CD14 monocytes and observed their responses after LPS treatment during the progression of local bone destruction. CD14 monocytes were obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by magnetic cell separation (MACS), and their classification was confirmed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).

Cyclic Stretch Force Induces Periodontal Ligament Cells to Secrete Exosomes That Suppress IL-1β Production Through the Inhibition of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Macrophages.

In the oral mechanical environment, periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) contribute to maintaining periodontal tissue homeostasis. Recent studies showed that exosomes, which are small vesicles secreted by various types of cells, play a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication in biological processes. We examined the secretion of exosomes from PDL cells stimulated with cyclic stretch and their role in the inflammatory response of macrophages using the human macrophage cell line THP-1 and human primary monocytes/macrophages.

Current concepts in odontohypophosphatasia form of hypophosphatasia and report of two cases.

Background: Hypophosphatasia is a rare inherited disease derived from mutations in tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase genes, with typical oral symptoms including short root anomaly and dysplasia of dentin or cementum.

Case Presentation: Two young female patients presented with short root anomaly with a history of premature loss of deciduous and/or permanent teeth. The laboratory and imaging investigations were performed.

Cyclic Fatigue Resistance and Force Generated by OneShape Instruments during Curved Canal Preparation.

Objectives: To evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance and the force generated by OneShape files during preparation of simulated curved canals.

Methods: Six OneShape files (the test) and six ProTaper F2 files (the control) were subject to the bending ability test. Another thirty files of each type were used to prepare artificial canals (n = 60), which were divided into 3 groups according to respective curvatures of the canals (30°, 60°, and 90°).