Clustered 8-Oxo-Guanine Mutations and Oncogenic Gene Fusions in Microsatellite-Unstable Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: Colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) with microsatellite-instability (MSI) are enriched for oncogenic kinase fusions (KFs), including , , and , but the mechanism underlying this finding is unclear.

Methods: The genomic profiles of 32,218 advanced CRC tumor specimens were analyzed to assess the fusion breakpoints of oncogenic alterations including KFs in microsatellite-stable and microsatellite-unstable CRC. Genomic contexts of such alterations were analyzed to obtain mechanistic insights.

Disulfiram/Copper induces antitumor activity against gastric cancer via the ROS/MAPK and NPL4 pathways.

Disulfiram (DSF) is an anti-alcoholism medication with superior antitumor activity and clinical safety; its antitumor mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) have not been fully explored. In the present work, low nontoxic concentrations of copper (Cu) ions substantially enhanced DSF's antitumor activity, inhibiting the proliferation and growth of GC cell lines. DSF/Cu elevated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis was induced in an ROS-dependent manner.

Disulfiram/copper induces antitumor activity against gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting S6K1 and c-Myc.

Purpose: Disulfiram (DSF) is an approved drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Accumulating evidence indicates that DSF, alone or in combination with copper (Cu), possesses strong antitumor activity in various malignancies. This study investigated the effects of DSF on gastric cancer (GC) and the potential mechanisms involved.

A Contrast of Three Inoculation Techniques used to Determine the Race of Unknown Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum Isolates.

Fusarium wilt of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), has reemerged as a major production constraint in the southeastern USA, especially in Florida.

Characteristics of mutational signatures of unknown etiology.

Although not all somatic mutations are cancer drivers, their mutational signatures, i.e. the patterns of genomic alterations at a genome-wide scale, provide insights into past exposure to mutagens, DNA damage and repair processes.

Asprosin is associated with anorexia and body fat mass in cancer patients.

Purpose: Increasing evidence suggests that many adipokines are involved in cancer-related anorexia and cachexia syndrome (CACS), although the underlying mechanism remains to be clarify. Asprosin is a new peptide hormone mainly secreted by white adipose tissues that can increase appetite and body weight. In this cross-sectional study, we tested whether asprosin may intervene in the development of CACS.

Cohesin promotes stochastic domain intermingling to ensure proper regulation of boundary-proximal genes.

The human genome can be segmented into topologically associating domains (TADs), which have been proposed to spatially sequester genes and regulatory elements through chromatin looping. Interactions between TADs have also been suggested, presumably because of variable boundary positions across individual cells. However, the nature, extent and consequence of these dynamic boundaries remain unclear.

Chromosome territory formation attenuates the translocation potential of cells.

The formation and spatial arrangement of chromosome territories (CTs) in interphase has been posited to influence the outcome and frequency of genomic translocations. This is supported by correlations between the frequency of inter-chromosomal contacts and translocation events in myriad systems. However, it remains unclear if CT formation itself influences the translocation potential of cells.

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans negatively regulate the positioning of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum to distal axons.

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are components of the extracellular matrix that inhibit the extension and regeneration of axons. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are functionally inter-linked organelles important to axon development and maintenance.