Patterns of associations with epidemiologic factors by high grade serous ovarian cancer gene expression subtypes.

Background: Ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) comprise four distinct molecular subtypes based on mRNA expression patterns, with differential survival. Understanding risk factor associations is important to elucidate the etiology of HGSC. We investigated associations between different epidemiologic risk factors and HGSC molecular subtypes.

Evaluating the Appropriate Use Criteria for Coronary Revascularization in Stable Ischemic Heart Disease Using Randomized Data From the ISCHEMIA Trial.

Background: The appropriate use criteria for revascularization of stable ischemic heart disease have not been evaluated using randomized data. Using data from the randomized ISCHEMIA trial (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches; July 2012 to January 2018, 37 countries), the health status benefits of an invasive strategy over a conservative one were examined within appropriate use criteria scenarios.

Methods: Among 1833 participants mapped to 36 appropriate use criteria scenarios, symptom status was assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire-7 at 1 year for each scenario and for each of the 6 patient characteristics used to define the scenarios.

International Variation in Health Status Benefits in Patients Undergoing Initial Invasive Versus Conservative Management for Chronic Coronary Disease: Insights From the ISCHEMIA Trial.

Background: The ISCHEMIA trial (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) demonstrated greater health status benefits with an initial invasive strategy, as compared with a conservative one, for patients with chronic coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia. Whether these benefits vary globally is important to understand to support global adoption of the results.

Methods: We analyzed participants' disease-specific health status using the validated 7-item Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ: >5-point differences are clinically important) at baseline and over 1-year follow-up across 37 countries in 6 international regions.

Baseline Health Status and its Association With Subsequent Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines recommend optimizing the health status of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) as a primary treatment goal. Whether disease-specific health status is associated with subsequent clinical events is unknown.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between health status and subsequent clinical events among patients with AF.

Clinically stable covid-19 patients presenting to acute unscheduled episodic care venues have increased risk of hospitalization: secondary analysis of a randomized control trial.

Background: Assessment for risks associated with acute stable COVID-19 is important to optimize clinical trial enrollment and target patients for scarce therapeutics. To assess whether healthcare system engagement location is an independent predictor of outcomes we performed a secondary analysis of the ACTIV-4B Outpatient Thrombosis Prevention trial.

Methods: A secondary analysis of the ACTIV-4B trial that was conducted at 52 US sites between September 2020 and August 2021.

Lifetime ovulatory years and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: a multinational pooled analysis.

Background: The role of ovulation in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is supported by the consistent protective effects of parity and oral contraceptive use. Whether these factors protect through anovulation alone remains unclear. We explored the association between lifetime ovulatory years (LOY) and EOC.

Molecular Subclasses of Clear Cell Ovarian Carcinoma and Their Impact on Disease Behavior and Outcomes.

Purpose: To identify molecular subclasses of clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) and assess their impact on clinical presentation and outcomes.

Experimental Design: We profiled 421 primary CCOCs that passed quality control using a targeted deep sequencing panel of 163 putative CCOC driver genes and whole transcriptome sequencing of 211 of these tumors. Molecularly defined subgroups were identified and tested for association with clinical characteristics and overall survival.

Metabolomic Profiling of the Effects of Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: DEFINE-HF.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are foundational therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but underlying mechanisms of benefit are not well defined. We sought to investigate the relationships between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor treatment, changes in metabolic pathways, and outcomes using targeted metabolomics.

Methods: DEFINE-HF (Dapagliflozin Effects on Biomarkers, Symptoms and Functional Status in Patients With HF With Reduced Ejection Fraction) was a placebo-controlled trial of dapagliflozin in HFrEF.

Lifetime ovulations and epithelial ovarian cancer risk and survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the relationship between lifetime ovulatory years (LOY) and Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk and survival.

Methods: A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase through December 31, 2021 combining the following search: [("ovulation" or "ovulation cycles" or "ovulatory age" or "ovulatory cycles") and ("ovarian cancer" or "ovarian neoplasms") and ("humans" and "female")].

Effects of garlic intake on cancer: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials and cohort studies.

Background/objectives: Due to the rapid increase of global cancer incidence and mortality and a high level of interest in cancer prevention, a systematic review of garlic intake and cancer risk is needed.

Subjects/methods: We implemented a systematic review to examine the effects of varying levels of garlic intake on cancer. We conducted comprehensive literature searches in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science) for studies published between database inception and July or September of 2018.

DNA Methylation Profiles of Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a rare ovarian cancer histotype that tends to be resistant to standard platinum-based chemotherapeutics. We sought to better understand the role of DNA methylation in clinical and biological subclassification of OCCC.

Methods: We interrogated genome-wide methylation using DNA from fresh frozen tumors from 271 cases, applied nonsmooth nonnegative matrix factorization (nsNMF) clustering, and evaluated clinical associations and biological pathways.

Effect of Antithrombotic Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Outpatients With Clinically Stable Symptomatic COVID-19: The ACTIV-4B Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Acutely ill inpatients with COVID-19 typically receive antithrombotic therapy, although the risks and benefits of this intervention among outpatients with COVID-19 have not been established.

Objective: To assess whether anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy can safely reduce major adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes among symptomatic but clinically stable outpatients with COVID-19.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The ACTIV-4B Outpatient Thrombosis Prevention Trial was designed as a minimal-contact, adaptive, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to compare anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy among 7000 symptomatic but clinically stable outpatients with COVID-19.

Gestational weight gain and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective: To examine the association between (GWG) and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods: We compared GWG between 670 incident EOC cases and 1,551 community controls from a population-based, case-control study conducted in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York from 2003 to 2008. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with GWG adjusting for potential confounders.

Offspring sex and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: a multinational pooled analysis of 12 case-control studies.

While childbearing protects against risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), few studies have explored the impact on maternal EOC risk of sex of offspring, which may affect the maternal environment during pregnancy. We performed a pooled analysis among parous participants from 12 case-controls studies comprising 6872 EOC patients and 9101 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression for case-control associations and polytomous logistic regression for histotype-specific associations, all adjusted for potential confounders.

Effects of prenatal exposure to NO on children's neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The neurotoxicity of NO exposure is well-known and potentially causes impaired of neural functions. This review aimed to estimate associations between prenatal NO exposure and neurodevelopment for children. Articles published until May 2019 reported prenatal NO exposure and children's cognition, psychomotor, language, attention, IQ, and behavior function were searched according to all related terms.

The Effects of Seed Extract Supplementation on Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

It has been hypothesized that can promote weight loss by increasing fatty acid breakdown and inhibiting fatty acid synthesis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of seed extract supplementation on weight-related health outcomes. Literature searches were conducted in 4 databases from January 2018 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of seed extract supplementation on anthropometric measures and cardiovascular biomarkers.

Gender of offspring and risk of ovarian cancer: The HOPE study.

Objective: To examine the association between gender of offspring and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods: We compared gender of offspring between 664 incident EOC cases and 1531 controls participating in a population-based study conducted in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York from 2003-2008. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for potential confounders.

Role of milk and dairy intake in cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: As aging populations increase across the globe, research on lifestyle factors that prevent cognitive decline and dementia is urgently needed. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to examine the effects of varying levels of milk intake alone or in combination with other dairy products on the outcomes of cognitive function and disorders in adults.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across 3 databases (PUBMED, CINAHL, and EMBASE) from their inception through October 2017.

Animal versus plant protein and adult bone health: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation.

Background: Protein may have both beneficial and detrimental effects on bone health depending on a variety of factors, including protein source.

Objective: The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of animal versus plant protein intake on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and select bone biomarkers in healthy adults.

Methods: Searches across five databases were conducted through 10/31/16 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies in healthy adults that examined the effects of animal versus plant protein intake on 1) total body (TB), total hip (TH), lumbar spine (LS) or femoral neck (FN) BMD or TB BMC for at least one year, or 2) select bone formation and resorption biomarkers for at least six months.