Effect of wild-type vaccine doses on BA.5 hybrid immunity, disease severity, and XBB reinfection risk.

Vaccination against the wild-type (WT) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus did not produce detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the BA.5 strain before it emerged. However, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) severity varied highly between unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, and fully vaccinated individuals, for unknown reasons.

Identification and validation of GIMAP family genes as immune-related prognostic biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The GIMAP family genes play a key role in immune function. Increasing evidence suggests that GIMAP genes were implicated in the tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of GIMAP family genes in LUAD.

Association between computed tomography-quantified respiratory muscles and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective study.

Background: This study examined the association between chest muscles and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the relationship between chest muscle areas and acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD).

Methods: There were 168 subjects in the non-COPD group and 101 patients in the COPD group. The respiratory and accessory respiratory muscle areas were obtained using 3D Slicer software to analysis the imaging of  computed tomography (CT).

Blended BA.5 infection within 8 days after a boosted bivalent mRNA vaccination strengthens and lengthens the host immunity.

The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection shortly after vaccination on vaccine-induced immunity is unknown, which is also one of the concerns for some vaccinees during the pandemic. Here, based on a cohort of individuals who encountered BA.5 infection within 8 days after receiving the fourth dose of a bivalent mRNA vaccine, preceded by three doses of inactivated vaccines, we show that booster mRNA vaccination provided 48% protection efficacy against symptomatic infections.

Dynamic immune landscape in vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections revealed a 5-month protection-duration against XBB infection and a shift in immune imprinting.

Background: The impact of previous vaccination on protective immunity, duration, and immune imprinting in the context of BA.5-XBB.1.

GRIK3 deficiency promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by the regulation of the UBE2C/CDK1/Wnt signaling pathway.

Glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3 (GRIK3) is a predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptor in the mammalian brain. While it is known that GRIK3 is involved in normal neurophysiologic processes, its biological functions in tumor progression are still poorly understood due to limited investigation. In this study, we reported for the first time that GRIK3 expression was downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues as compared to paracarcinoma tissues.

Characteristics of patients with SARS-COV-2 PCR re-positivity after recovering from COVID-19.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical characteristics of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) PCR re-positivity after recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients ( = 1391) from Guangzhou, China, who had recovered from COVID-19 were recruited between 7 September 2021 and 11 March 2022. Data on epidemiology, symptoms, laboratory test results and treatment were analysed.

Clinical Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prognostic Factors of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by the Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii.

Background: Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB) can acquire drug resistance genes, which are rapidly cloned and transmitted, leading to worldwide spread and posing significant treatment challenges. This study aimed to clarify effective treatment methods during XDRAB infection and factors affecting patient prognosis.

Methods: Clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of 65 patients with hospital-acquired XDRAB pneumonia clinically diagnosed at Guangzhou First People's Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-infection pattern imprints and diversifies T cell differentiation and neutralizing response against Omicron subvariants.

The effects of different SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations and variant infection histories on imprinting population immunity and their influence on emerging escape mutants remain unclear. We found that Omicron (BA.1) breakthrough infection, regardless of vaccination with two-dose mRNA vaccines (M-M-o) or two-dose inactivated vaccines (I-I-o), led to higher neutralizing antibody levels against different variants and stronger T-cell responses than Delta breakthrough infection after two-dose inactivated vaccine vaccination (I-I-δ).

Heterologous booster with inhaled adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccine generated more neutralizing antibodies against different SARS-CoV-2 variants.

The rapid widespread Omicron subvariant BA.5 of SARS-CoV-2 has become a potential imminent pandemic threat, but available vaccines lack high efficacy against this subvariant. Thus, it is urgent to find highly protective vaccination strategies within available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

A novel angiographic classification of pseudoaneurysms of the pulmonary chronic inflammatory cavity based on selective angiograms and therapeutic implications.

Background: Hemoptysis is a common clinical symptom. In the chronic tuberculosis cavity and chronic necrotizing pneumonia cavity, pseudoaneurysms (Pas) easily form and are prone to massive hemoptysis and repeated hemoptysis and can even endanger patient's life. However, it remains to be further analyzed whether Pas of the pulmonary chronic inflammatory cavity selectively affect the peripheral pulmonary branches.

A nomogram based on A-to-I RNA editing predicting overall survival of patients with lung squamous carcinoma.

Background: Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing (ATIRE) is characterized as non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming hallmark of cancer, while little is known about its predictive role in cancer survival.

Methods: To explore survival-related ATIRE events in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), ATIRE profile, gene expression data, and corresponding clinical information of LUSC patients were downloaded from the TCGA database. Patients were randomly divided into a training (n = 134) and validation cohort (n = 94).

Genomic features of Chinese small cell lung cancer.

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with poor survival. Although molecular and clinical characteristics have been established for SCLC in western patients, limited investigation has been performed for Chinese SCLC patients.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the genomic features of Chinese SCLC patients.

Genomic correlates of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Background: Although PD-L1 expression is a crucial predictive biomarker for immunotherapy, it can be influenced by many factors.

Methods: A total of 248 Chinese patients with lung adenocarcinoma was retrospectively identified. Data for clinical features, gene alternations, signaling pathways and immune signatures was analyzed among negative expression group (TPS < 1%, n = 124), intermediate expression group (1% ≤ TPS < 50%, n = 93), and high expression group (TPS ≥ 50%, n = 38).

Heterologous boosting with third dose of coronavirus disease recombinant subunit vaccine increases neutralizing antibodies and T cell immunity against different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants.

Waned vaccine-induced immunity and emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants with potential for immune escape pose a major threat to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we showed that humoral immunity components, including anti-S + N, anti-RBD IgG, and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), gradually waned and decreased the neutralizing capacity against emerging Omicron variants at 3 and 6 months after two inactivated COVID-19 vaccinations. We evaluated two boosting strategies with either a third dose of inactivated vaccine (homologous, I-I-I) or a recombinant subunit vaccine (heterologous, I-I-S).

Public Health Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic Reduce the Spread of Other Respiratory Infectious Diseases.

Public health measures (such as wearing masks, physical distancing, and isolation) have significantly reduced the spread of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), but the impact of public health measures on other respiratory infectious diseases is unclear. To assess the correlation between public health measures and the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected the data from the National Health and Construction Commission in China on the number of patients with six respiratory infectious diseases (measles, tuberculosis, pertussis, scarlet fever, influenza, and mumps) from 2017 to 2020 and assessed the correlation between public health measures and the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases.

Clinical characteristics of Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung: Four case reports and literature review.

Purpose: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung (HAL) is a rare form of lung cancer, which is characterized by its morphologic hepatoid features. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of this rare form of lung cancer remain obscure.

Methods: The clinical courses of four cases of HAL were reported.

Lung Features in Individuals with Biomass Smoke Exposure Characterized by CT Scan and Changes in Pulmonary Function.

Background And Objective: To determine the effects of BSE (biomass smoke exposure) on pulmonary and non-pulmonary changes in patients with COPD compared with normal individuals.

Methods: Using a cohort, we recruited 16 healthy individuals with BSE (BSE normal), 19 patients with BSE+COPD, 13 healthy individuals with cigarette smoke exposure (CSE normal), 25 patients with CSE+COPD, and 25 healthy controls. Patients with GOLD stage I and II COPD were included.

Validity of the Handheld Expiratory Flowmeter for COPD Screening in the Primary Care Setting of China.

Purpose: The use of simple and affordable screening tools for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is limited. We aimed to assess the validity of a handheld expiratory flowmeter (Vitalograph Ltd., COPD-6, Ireland) for COPD screening in Chinese primary care settings.

Discovery of a novel linc01125 isoform in serum exosomes as a promising biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis and survival assessment.

A non-invasive method to distinguish potential lung cancer patients would improve lung cancer prevention. We employed the RNA-sequencing analysis to profile serum exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and pneumonia controls, and then determined the diagnostic and prognostic value of a promising lncRNA in four datasets. We identified 90 dysregulated lncRNAs for NSCLC and found the most significant lncRNA was a novel isoform of linc01125.

Identification of Three Circular RNA Cargoes in Serum Exosomes as Diagnostic Biomarkers of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the Chinese Population.

The recent discovery of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in serum exosomes suggests a novel and potentially useful tool for noninvasive cancer diagnosis. However, there are currently no substantial studies addressing this topic. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed between three pairs of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and controls.

Knockdown of the lncRNA MALAT1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide‑induced A549 cell injury by targeting the miR‑17‑5p/FOXA1 axis.

Long‑noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial for the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI). Metastasis‑associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) suppresses inflammatory responses via microRNA (miR)‑146a in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced ALI. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the MALAT1‑mediated regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in LPS‑induced ALI remain unclear.

LncRNA MALAT1 contributes to non-small cell lung cancer progression via modulating miR-200a-3p/programmed death-ligand 1 axis.

This study was to investigate the expression correlation between long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (lncRNA MALAT1), miR-200a-3p and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and their roles in NSCLC. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the expressions of MALAT1, miR-200a-3p and PD-L1 in NSCLC tissues and cells for the correlation analysis. The starBase and Targetscan databases were used to predict the binding sites between MALAT1 and miR-200a-3p, and miR-200a-3p and PD-L1, respectively.

WISP-3/CCN6 inhibits apoptosis by regulating caspase pathway after hyperoxia in lung epithelial cells.

Cell death is a normal phenomenon in the course of biological development, moreover, which is also a prominent feature in lung exposed to hyperoxia. Severe hypoxia occurs in ALI/ARDS patients, who generally require high concentration oxygen therapy assisted by mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, high oxygen can cause excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to apoptosis in lung epithelial cells, which has been reported in our previous study.