Genotype-by-Environment Effects of Cis-Variations in the Atgl Promoter Mediate the Divergent Pattern of Phenotypic Plasticity for Temperature Adaptation in Two Congeneric Oyster Species.

Phenotypic plasticity plays an essential role in adaptive evolution. However, the molecular mechanisms of how genotype-by-environment interaction (G × E) effects shape phenotypic plasticity in marine organisms remain poorly understood. The crucial temperature-responsive trait triacylglycerol (TAG) content and its major gene adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) expression have divergent plastic patterns in two congeneric oyster species (Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea angulata) to adapt to relative-cold/northern and relative-warm/southern habitats, respectively.

Novel Ser74 of NF-κB/IκBα phosphorylated by MAPK/ERK regulates temperature adaptation in oysters.

Phosphorylation of Ser32 and Ser36 controls the degradation of IκBα is the conserved cascade mechanisms of immune core signaling pathway, NF-κB pathway in metazoans, but it's response to abiotic stress and the presence of novel phosphorylation mechanisms in other species remain unclear. Herein, we reported a novel heat-induced phosphorylation site (Ser74) at oysters' major IκBα, which independently regulated ubiquitination-proteasome degradation without the requirement of phosphorylation at S32 and S36. And this site was phosphorylated by ERK/MAPK pathway, which then promoted REL nuclear translocation to activate cell survival related genes to defend heat-stress.

PI3K-AKT-mediated phosphorylation of Thr260 in CgCaspase-3/6/7 regulates heat-induced activation in oysters.

Cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases) are critical drivers of apoptosis, exhibiting expansion and domain shuffling in mollusks. However, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of these caspases remain unclear. In this study, we identified a group of Caspase-3/6/7 in Bivalvia and Gastropoda with a long inter-subunit linker (IL) that inhibits cleavage activation.

MAPK/ERK-PK(Ser11) pathway regulates divergent thermal metabolism of two congeneric oyster species.

Pyruvate kinase (PK), as a key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, has been widely used to assess the stress tolerance and sensitivity of organisms. However, its phosphorylation regulatory mechanisms mainly focused on human cancer research, with no reports in marine organisms. In this study, we firstly reported a conserved PK Ser11 phosphorylation site in mollusks, which enhanced enzyme activity by promoting substrate binding, thereby regulating divergent thermal metabolism of two allopatric congeneric oyster species with differential habitat temperature.

Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Heat Tolerance in F Progeny from the Hybridization between Two Congeneric Oyster Species.

As the world's largest farmed marine animal, oysters have enormous economic and ecological value. However, mass summer mortality caused by high temperature poses a significant threat to the oyster industry. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying heat adaptation and improve the heat tolerance ability in the oyster, we conducted genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) analysis on the F generation derived from the hybridization of relatively heat-tolerant ♀ and heat-sensitive ♂, which are the dominant cultured species in southern and northern China, respectively.

Comparative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis reveals differential heat response mechanism in two congeneric oyster species.

High-temperature stress caused by global climate change poses a significant threat to marine ectotherms. This study investigated the role of protein phosphorylation modifications in the molecular regulation network under heat stress in oysters, which are representative intertidal organisms that experience considerable temperature changes. Firstly, the study compared the extent of thermal damage between two congeneric oyster species, the relative heat-tolerant Crassostrea angulata (C.

Gill remodeling increases the respiratory surface area of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under hypoxic stress.

Seasonal changes, diurnal variations, and eutrophication result in periodic hypoxia in fish habitats, thus affecting the success of commercial aquaculture. In this study, the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) presented moderate hypoxia tolerance; they showed a medium critical oxygen tension during the loss of equilibrium. In response to 7 d of hypoxic exposure, the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration significantly increased (p < 0.

An SNP at the target site of cid-miR-nov-1043 in the TOLLIP 3' UTR decreases mortality rate in grass carp subjected to ENU-induced mutagenesis following grass carp reovirus infection.

N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) selection is a useful technique to generate new mutations that may cause some functional changes in the gene. Through our previous genomic bulked segregant analysis (BSA), one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the 3' UTR of Toll interacting protein gene (TOLLIP) was identified in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) subjected to ENU-induced mutagenesis. We found that the overexpression of cid-miR-nov-1043 mimics significantly suppressed the luciferase activity of the TOLLIP 3' UTR, but TOLLIP mutation at the target site can decrease the binding affinity between the miRNA cid-miR-nov-1043 and TOLLIP 3' UTR, reducing the inhibition of TOLLIP mRNA transcription in grass carp subjected to ENU-induced mutagenesis.

Selection of functional EPHB2 genotypes from ENU mutated grass carp treated with GCRV.

Background: N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis is a useful method for the genetic engineering of plants, and the production of functional mutants in animal models including mice and zebrafish. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a haemorrhagic disease of grass carp which has caused noteworthy losses in fingerlings over the last few years. To overcome this problem, we used ENU mutant grass carp in an attempt to identify functional resistance genes for future hereditary rearing projects in grass carp.