A 2 μm Wavelength Band Low-Loss Spot Size Converter Based on Trident Structure on the SOI Platform.

A 2 μm wavelength band spot size converter (SSC) based on a trident structure is proposed, which is coupled to a lensed fiber with a mode field diameter of 5 μm. The cross-section of the first segment of the tapered waveguide structure in the trident structure is designed as a right-angled trapezoidal shape, which can further improve the performance of the SSC. The coupling loss of the SSC is less than 0.

[Study on the reorganization of standards related to food contact ceramics and porcelains].

Objective: To solve the problem of overlap, iterance and conflict among current standards related to food contact ceramics and porcelains.

Methods: To collect all the current standards related to food contact ceramics and porcelains and reorganize them following the settled principles and method and list the standards that need to be revoked, revised, incorporated, or keep valid and excluded from the food safety standard system.

Results: 19 standards were collected in this study and reorganized.

[Study on melamine migration rules in products of tripolycyanamide for food packaging].

Objective: To study the migration rules of melamine in products of tripolycyanamide for food packaging.

Methods: With different stimulant solutions, temperatures exposure and long term use, the migration quantities of melamine in products of tripolycyanamide for food packaging into 3% acetic acid and 15% ethanol were measured by HPLC method.

Results: The amounts of melamine migrated to 3% acetic acid was higher than those to 15% ethanol.

[Overview and analysis of food chemical contaminant monitoring in 2000-2009 in China].

Objective: To know about food safety situation and provide scientific data for the development of food safety policies and laws.

Method: Monitoring task was carried out in some areas of China by some measures and steps such as formulating plan, compiling SOP, holding technical training, having quality controls, data collection, checking and statistics of food chemical contaminant monitoring.

Results: 14 categories of foods and 129 chemicals were cumulatively surveyed in 16 provincial areas for ten years.

[Foodborne disease outbreaks in 2006 report of the National Foodborne Disease Surveillance Network, China].

Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in China in 2006.

Methods: The foodborne diseases data collected by the National Foodborne Disease Surveillance Network in 2006 were analyzed.

Results: There were 594 outbreaks of foodborne disease reported from 18 provinces in 2006, which caused illness in 13849 persons and death in 67.

[Study on development of the principles for determination and evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of food preservatives].

Objective: To establish the principles for determination and evaluation of the preservative properties demonstrates the effectiveness of a substance when used as a food preservative.

Methods: Sorbic acids were chosen as the model food preservative and the Gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis, yeast Candida albicans and the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger, A. flavas, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium islandicum and Peniciuium cyclopium were employed as the experimental microorganisms.

[Study on maximum fortification level of calcium in food].

Objective: To explore appropriate method for determining maximum levels of micronutrient fortification, and use calcium as an example, maximum levels were suggested for the revise of the standards of food fortification in China.

Methods: Based on the principle of risk assessment, the data of China National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 were used to explore the model for calculating the maximum levels of micronutrient fortification. The data were stratified by economical development level, age, as well as gender, and the maximum levels of calcium fortification were determined accordingly, among which the lowest value was suggested as maximum level of calcium fortification.

Study on migration of melamine from food packaging materials on markets.

Objectives: To study the migration of melamine into foods from plastic food packaging materials and dairy product containers commonly used in China.

Methods: 37 samples were collected from the market. The EU migration testing conditions were adopted with distilled water, 3% acetic acid, n-hexane and 15% ethanol being chosen as the simulating solutions.

Assessment on dietary melamine exposure from tainted infant formula.

Objective: To estimate the dietary melamine exposure in Chinese infants and young children from the consumption of melamine adulterated Sanlu infant formula.

Methods: Four age groups of infants and young children (3, 6, 12, and 24 months) were chosen as the assessed subjects and the maximum amount of infant formula consumption was estimated based on the recommended usage level in the package insert of Sanlu infant formula and other brands. Melamine was analyzed in 111 Sanlu infant formula samples collected from the markets in Beijing and Gansu province using the LC-MS-MS with a limit of quantification of 0.

[Study on the determination method of the astragaloside IV in health food].

Objective: To built an analytical methods to test Astragaloside NV in health food.

Methods: The reaction conditions of ultrasonic extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, macroporousresin column chromatography, solid-phase extraction, derivatization and HPLC method were analyzed.

Results: The sample preparations were set up as followed: The samples were extracted with methanol.

[National continuous monitoring on the content of lead in preserved eggs from 2000 to 2006].

Objective: To investigate the pollution level and development trend of lead in the preserved egg in our country.

Methods: By the national food contamination monitoring system and under the strict analysis quality control, the content of lead in the preserved eggs was analyzed according to the national standard method (GB/T 5009.12-2003) in fourteen provinces from 2000 to 2006.

[Determination of bisphenol A and alkyl phenols in canned food with high performance liquid chromatography--fluorescence].

Objective: To establish a comprehensive analytical high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL) in detecting bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) in canned food sold in Beijing markets.

Methods: BPA, NP and OP was extracted with methanol and dichloroacetamide and concentrated. The samples were purified on an solid extraction cartridges.

[Survey on the cadmium levels in fish, crustaceans and bivalve mollusks in China of 2002].

A survey on the cadmium content of fresh water, marine fish bivalve mollusks and crustaceans in China was carried out by the National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2002. The fish from fresh water (n = 193), marine (n = 367), crustaceans (n = 318) and bivalve mollusks (n = 512) were collected from 14 provinces and cities and analyzed by AAS. It was found that the samples with mean concentration between 0.

[Study on the determination of chloramphenicol residues in muscles and viscera of the livestock and poultry and in the shrimp].

Objective: A rapid, simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of chloramphenicol residues in muscles and viscera of the livestock and poultry and in the shrimp has been established.

Methods: The chloramphenicol in animal tissues is extracted three times by ethyl acetate in ultrasonic. The extract is dehydrated with Na2SO4 and concentrated.

[Study on national active monitoring for food borne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in China 2001].

Objective: To survey food borne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in China.

Methods: A total of 4034 samples of foods (raw meats, raw milk, cooked meats, ice cream, yoghurt, aquatic product and vegetable) were examined for the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Salmonella spp and Listeria monocytogens by national active foodborne pathogens surveillance system. The samples were obtained from 11 provinces in 2001.

[Study on food contaminants monitoring in China during 2000-2001].

The contamination levels of 10 main kinds of foodstuffs in 11 provinces and cities were monitored by the national food contamination monitoring system from 2000-2001. About 45 thousand data were obtained in strict quality control. The data indicated that the contamination level of lead was increased in 10 years in meat, eggs, milk-based products especially in preserved eggs, but the contamination levels of arsenic, cadmium and hydrargyrum were not serious by adopting the national standards.