Defining suffering in pain: a systematic review on pain-related suffering using natural language processing.

Understanding, measuring, and mitigating pain-related suffering is a key challenge for both clinical care and pain research. However, there is no consensus on what exactly the concept of pain-related suffering includes, and it is often not precisely operationalized in empirical studies. Here, we (1) systematically review the conceptualization of pain-related suffering in the existing literature, (2) develop a definition and a conceptual framework, and (3) use machine learning to cross-validate the results.

Giant negative magnetoresistance in Manganese-substituted Zinc Oxide.

We report a large negative magnetoresistance in Manganese-substituted Zinc Oxide thin films. This anomalous effect was found to appear in oxygen-deficient films and to increase with the concentration of Manganese. By combining magnetoresistive measurements with magneto-photoluminescence, we demonstrate that the effect can be explained as the result of a magnetically induced transition from hopping to band conduction where the activation energy is caused by the sp-d exchange interaction.

[INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1: THE INFLUENCE ON THE LIVER FUNCTION AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH RESISTIN IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AND ITS COMBINATION WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS].

Unlabelled: The study was designed to assess the relationship between the level of plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and indices of the functional state of the liver and the level of resistin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its combination with diabetes mellitus (DM) 2 types depending on the trophological status.

Materials And Methods: It were examined 90 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus--with normal body weight and obesity, as well as 20 healthy individuals. The study was carried out using the following methods: clinical, laboratory and instrumental (including liver biopsy).

Backbone dynamics of the channel-forming antibiotic zervamicin IIB studied by 15N NMR relaxation.

The backbone dynamics of the channel-forming peptide antibiotic zervamicin IIB (Zrv-IIB) in methanol were studied by 15N nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation measurements at 11.7, 14.1 and 18.

Proteinaceous complexes from mitochondrial contact sites.

A Triton X-100 extract from rat brain mitochondria was obtained using low detergent/protein ratio. From this extract a proteinaceous complex was purified; its molecular weight was as high as 880 kD. The complex contained both hexokinase and creatine kinase activity.

The permeability transition pore induced under anaerobic conditions in mitochondria energized with ATP.

The role of oxygen in the induction of mitochondrial permeability transitions was studied. Oxygen consumption, swelling, membrane potential and calcium transport were recorded simultaneously in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Oxygen depletion was accomplished by saturating the medium with N2 and allowing either mitochondrial respiration or glucose/glucose oxidase to consume the residual oxygen.