A Holistic Focus of Attention Enhances Vertical Jump Performance Among Inexperienced Individuals.

A holistic focus (HF) has been found to significantly improve performance over an internal focus (IF), in a similar way to an external focus (EF). There is a need to understand the effectiveness of a HF by investigating kinematic and kinetic outcome measures. 19 college-aged adults performed 12 vertical jumps under four conditions in a counterbalanced design.

The Impact of Pandemic-Driven Care Redesign on Hospital Efficiency.

Purpose: This study aims to identify medical care transformations during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess the economic efficiency of these care transformations.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewing and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The databases used in the search protocol included PubMed, RSCI, and Google Scholar.

Adopting a holistic focus of attention promotes adherence and improves performance in college track and field athletes.

Research on novices suggests that an external focus improves performance over an internal focus. For experienced performers the results on attentional focus have been mixed. Recently Becker, Georges, and Aiken (2019) suggested that a holistic focus may be a useful substitute when an external focus is not appropriate.

Endothelial dysfunction markers and immune response indices in cosmonauts' blood after long-duration space flights.

Space flight factors are known to cause a malfunction in the human immune system and lead to damage to blood vessels. The hemostatic function of endothelium during space missions and its interaction with human immunity has not been determined so far. In this work, we investigated the markers of endothelial activation and damage (plasma concentrations of soluble thrombomodulin fraction (sTM), von Willebrand factor (vWF), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)), as well as the level of D-dimer and compared them to the immunological parameters characterizing the state of human humoral and cellular immunity.

No Moral Wiggle Room in an Experimental Corruption Game.

Recent experimental evidence reveals that information is often avoided by decision makers in order to create and exploit a so-called "moral wiggle room," which reduces the psychological and moral costs associated with selfish behavior. Despite the relevance of this phenomenon for corrupt practices from both a legal and a moral point of view, it has hitherto never been examined in a corruption context. We test for information avoidance in a framed public procurement experiment, in which a public official receives bribes from two competing firms and often faces a tradeoff between maximizing bribes and citizen welfare.

Antioxidant Potential of Antiviral Drug Umifenovir.

Free radical reactions play an important role in biological functions of living systems. The balance between oxidants and antioxidants is necessary for the normal homeostasis of cells and organisms. Experimental works demonstrate the role of oxidative stress that is caused by influenza virus as well as the toxic effects of some antiviral drugs.

Top-of-atmosphere reflectance over homogeneous Lambertian and non-Lambertian surfaces.

In this study, the effects of the Lambertian assumption on the top-of-atmosphere reflectance are evaluated through comparison with calculations derived using a more detailed bidirectional reflectance distribution function under different atmospheric, lighting, and viewing conditions. The numerical experiments are performed for background, dusty, and cloudy models of the atmosphere in spectral channels of 0.44 and 0.

Age-related decline in bottom-up processing and selective attention in the very old.

Previous research demonstrating age-related deficits in selective attention have not included old-old adults, an increasingly important group to study. The current investigation compared event-related potentials in 15 young-old (65-79 years old) and 23 old-old (80-99 years old) subjects during a color-selective attention task. Subjects responded to target letters in a specified color (Attend) while ignoring letters in a different color (Ignore) under both low and high loads.

The dissociation between early and late selection in older adults.

Older adults exhibit a reduced ability to ignore task-irrelevant stimuli; however, it remains to be determined where along the information processing stream the most salient age-associated changes occur. In the current study, ERPs provided an opportunity to determine whether age-related differences in processing task-irrelevant stimuli were uniform across information processing stages or disproportionately affected either early or late selection. ERPs were measured in young and old adults during a color-selective attention task in which participants responded to target letters in a specified color (attend condition) while ignoring letters in a different color (ignore condition).

[The scientific school of RAMS academician Iu.P. Lisitsyn in the field of public health and medicine].

The development of medical science is not possible without studying of becoming and development of its scientific schools. In the field of public health, health care and history of medicine a unique position occupies the scientific school of RAMS academician, professor Yu.P Lisitsyn.

[The major achievements of medicine in XX-early XXI centuries and their significance for the near future].

Among major achievements of medicine in XX-early XXI centuries considered as the most outstanding contribution are the development of theory of system of control of functions of organism and its integrity by I.P. Pavlov and his disciples and followers: the concept of psycho-somatic medicine by Z.

Age-related differences in enhancement and suppression of neural activity underlying selective attention in matched young and old adults.

Selective attention reflects the top-down control of sensory processing that is mediated by enhancement or inhibition of neural activity. ERPs were used to investigate age-related differences in neural activity in an experiment examining selective attention to color under Attend and Ignore conditions, as well as under a Neutral condition in which color was task-irrelevant. We sought to determine whether differences in neural activity between old and young adult subjects were due to differences in age rather than executive capacity.

The impact of visual acuity on age-related differences in neural markers of early visual processing.

The extent to which age-related differences in neural markers of visual processing are influenced by changes in visual acuity has not been systematically investigated. Studies often indicate that their subjects had normal or corrected-to-normal vision, but the assessment of visual acuity seems to most frequently be based only on self-report. Consistent with prior research, to be included in the current study, subjects had to report normal or corrected-to-normal vision.

The influence of executive capacity on selective attention and subsequent processing.

Recent investigations that suggest selective attention (SA) is dependent on top-down control mechanisms lead to the expectation that individuals with high executive capacity (EC) would exhibit more robust neural indices of SA. This prediction was tested by using event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine differences in markers of information processing across 25 subjects divided into two groups based on high vs. average EC, as defined by neuropsychological test scores.

Does modulation of selective attention to features reflect enhancement or suppression of neural activity?

Numerous studies have demonstrated that selective attention to color is associated with a larger neural response under attend than ignore conditions, but have not addressed whether this difference reflects enhanced activity under attend or suppressed activity under ignore. In this study, a color-neutral condition was included, which presented stimuli physically identical to those under attend and ignore conditions, but in which color was not task relevant. Attention to color did not modulate the early sensory-evoked P1 and N1 components.

[The history of the Confederation of historians of medicine].

The article deals with a brief essay of history and actual state of activities of the Confederation of historians of medicine which before Perestroika was named the All-Union history medical society.

[Evaluation of the rate of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in blood during gynecological laparoscopic operations].

The impact of gynecological operations on the rate of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and erythrocytic antioxidant defense (EAOD) was studied in women with uterine myoma. The higher rate of LPO and the decreased level of vitamin E were preoperatively found. A further increase in LPO activity and a reduction in vitamin E concentrations were observed 1-4 days after surgery.

[Calcium homeostasis and nitric oxide processes in children with migraine].

Eighty-one children aged 6 to 17 years who had migraine were examined by clinical and biochemical studies. The activity of Ca2(+)-ATPase and the levels of total intracellular calcium of platelets and plasma nitrites were studied in the attack-free period. Children with migraine were fond to have elevated levels of stable nitric oxide metabolites (nitrites).

[Approaches to lower occurrence of chronic bronchitis in railway workers subjected to occupational risk of respiratory diseases].

The article deals with analysis of peculiarities in morbidity and social importance of chronic bronchitis as a leading nosologic entity among railway workers whose work is associated with constant exposure to risk factors of respiratory diseases. The authors compare clinical efficiency of various schemes concerning treatment of chronic bronchitis and the relapses prevention.

[Identification of risk factors for respiratory diseases in adolescents from an industrial city].

The prevalence of respiratory disease and the spread of risk factors were studied in adolescents living in Saratov. Respiratory diseases held the lead among other classes of diseases in young people; these diseases were more prevalent in adolescents than in children and adults. Examination of their outpatient cards revealed defects in the management of pulmonological patients.

[The significance of determination of the serum levels of nitrites for assessing severity of perinatal ischemia and predicting the nervous and mental development of a child].

The results of clinical and biochemical studies of 93 full-term neonatal infants with perinatal hypoxia-induced ischemic nervous system lesion are presented. Perinatal ischemia in the newborns has been found to cause an increase in the serum content of nitric oxide, more significant and stable in severe encephalopathy. The level of nitric oxide remained significantly elevated in the natural development of the disease in children with persistent neurological symptoms; its normalization was observed by the third month of life when the clinical syndromes regressed.

[Deviation of activated partial thromboplastin time from optimal level after 12 hours of intravenous infusion of unfractionated heparin -- an independent predictor of recurrence and unfavorable 30-day prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction].

Aim of the study was to assess significance of deviations of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) from optimal level (50-75 sec) after 48 hours of intravenous infusion of unfractionated heparin (UFH) in streptokinase treated patients with myocardial infarction (MI) for prognosis of nonfatal reinfarction and cumulative criterion comprising cardiac death, nonfatal MI and early postinfarction angina. Infusion of streptokinase (1,500,000 U in 30-60 min) was carried out after loading dose of aspirin (250 mg) and intravenous bolus (5,000 U) of UFH in 75 patients (age 34-76 years) admitted within 6 hours after onset of acute ST-elevation MI. UFH infusion was started prior to termination of administration of streptokinase and continued for 48 hours.