Just my luck: How children's causal attributions contribute to injury prevention.

Purpose: Traumatic injury in children, particularly adolescents, is both frequently and costly. In this study, we directly examined children's causal attributions for the recent traumas and asked them to propose prevention strategies of their own. We predict that children who attribute their injuries to their own actions, rather than an external force such as luck, will be more likely to develop strategies to avoid trauma in the future.

An in-depth examination of requirements for disclosure risk assessment.

The use of formal privacy to protect the confidentiality of responses in the 2020 Decennial Census of Population and Housing has triggered renewed interest and debate over how to measure the disclosure risks and societal benefits of the published data products. We argue that any proposal for quantifying disclosure risk should be based on prespecified, objective criteria. We illustrate this approach to evaluate the absolute disclosure risk framework, the counterfactual framework underlying differential privacy, and prior-to-posterior comparisons.

[Comparison of measles incidence in different age groups with the intensity of specific humoral immunity in healthcare workers in Moscow].

Introduction: The study of the intensity of humoral immunity to the measles virus (Paramyxoviridae: Morbillivirus) (MV) remains relevant due to the ongoing registration of the cluster cases of measles (including nosocomial cases).The aim of the study was to analyze correlation between the intensity of the humoral immunity to measles virus and the measles incidence in different age groups of the Moscow residents.

Material And Methods: A simple analytic study was carried out under the framework of measles prevention improvement program conducted in the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Comparative Analysis of the Measles Antibody Levels in Healthy Medical Personnel of Maternity Ward and Women in Labor.

It has been proven that post-vaccination immunity to measles virus after two doses of vaccine is not able to persistently protect against infection throughout life. The goal of this research was to determine the immune layer to the measles virus among women in labor and maternity ward personnel in the same medical institution. The levels of IgG antibodies to measles virus in the umbilical cord blood of 594 women in labor and 88 workers of the maternity ward were studied by ELISA.

Low Force Unfolding of a Single-Domain Protein by Parallel Pathways.

Deviations from linearity in the dependence of the logarithm of protein unfolding rates, log (), as a function of mechanical force, , measurable in single molecule experiments, can arise for many reasons. In particular, upward curvature in log () as a function of implies that the underlying energy landscape must be multidimensional with the possibility that unfolding ensues by parallel pathways. Here, simulations using the SOP-SC model of a wild type β-sandwich protein and several mutants, with immunoglobulin folds, show upward curvature in the unfolding kinetics.

[Intensity of the immunity against measles in employees of the maternity unit in Moscow].

Introduction: Measles remains an urgent problem in Russian healthcare. Despite the ongoing vaccination, there is an increase in the incidence of measles. Prevention of measles is particularly important in high-risk groups, as well as among healthcare professionals to prevent hospital-acquired outbreaks of infection.

Symmetry, Rigidity, and Allosteric Signaling: From Monomeric Proteins to Molecular Machines.

Allosteric signaling in biological molecules, which may be viewed as specific action at a distance due to localized perturbation upon binding of ligands or changes in environmental cues, is pervasive in biology. Insightful phenomenological Monod, Wyman, and Changeux (MWC) and Koshland, Nemethy, and Filmer (KNF) models galvanized research in describing allosteric transitions for over five decades, and these models continue to be the basis for describing the mechanisms of allostery in a bewildering array of systems. However, understanding allosteric signaling and the associated dynamics between distinct allosteric states at the molecular level is challenging and requires novel experiments complemented by computational studies.

[Bickerstaff's encephalitis].

A clinical case of Bickerstaff encephalitis, an autoimmune neuropathy, which affects central and peripheral nerve systems, is presented. This article describes problems of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Results of MRI, PET, electrophysiological and immunological studies are presented.

Protein collapse is encoded in the folded state architecture.

Folded states of single domain globular proteins are compact with high packing density. The radius of gyration, R, of both the folded and unfolded states increase as N where N is the number of amino acids in the protein. The values of the Flory exponent ν are, respectively, ≈⅓ and ≈0.

[DISTRIBUTION OF BACTERIA OF THE KLEBSIELLA STRAIN IN WATER OBJECTS AND THEIR VALUE IN DEVELOPING OF THE WATER CAUSED ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS].

The wide circulation of Klebsiella bacteria in water ofwater objects of different climatic zones of Russia and various function is established. So bacteria of the Klebsiella strain are in superficial sources of the centralized water supply depending on extent of their biological and chemical pollution; underground waters at the unprotected water-bearing horizons; in drinking water at insufficiently effective system of its cleaning and disinfecting. Klebsiella circulating in water was shown to keep properties of pathogenicity and a virulence, possess resistance both to modern preparations and disinfecting agents (chlorine, an ultraviolet to radiation).

[STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE VIABILITY OF THE SALMONELLA BACTERIA IN WATER FOR THE DETECTION OF ITS EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL].

Salmonella from the tail water of the Don river was shown to be detected in 31.4% of samples with an average index of 23.5.

Force-dependent switch in protein unfolding pathways and transition-state movements.

Although it is known that single-domain proteins fold and unfold by parallel pathways, demonstration of this expectation has been difficult to establish in experiments. Unfolding rate, [Formula: see text], as a function of force f, obtained in single-molecule pulling experiments on src SH3 domain, exhibits upward curvature on a [Formula: see text] plot. Similar observations were reported for other proteins for the unfolding rate [Formula: see text].

[study in the experimental conditions of pesticide action on microorganisms characterizing sanitary-epidemiological safety of reservoirs].

The paper presents experimental data on the pesticides action (molinate (OrdramA), Dinitroortocresolum and chlorophos) at concentrations of 0.01 mg /l to 10 mg/l on sanitary-indicative (TBC, total coliform bacteria, E. coli, E.

[Comparative assessment of sanitary and epidemic importance of indicator coliform indices of drinking water quality].

The used methodology of the scientific substantiation of indicators is in the establishment of the conformity of laws of vital activity of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in the real conditions of the action of the complex of factors, including disinfecting agents. In the one water sample simultaneously there were determined both the general indicator (GICB), thermotolerant (TTCB), glucose positive (GPCB) coliform bacteria, E.coli.

[Application of the new culture medium for the isolation of Salmonella from water bodies to assess the epidemic safety of water use. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian)].

There was developed a liquid storage medium for the isolation of bacteria of genus Salmonella from water bodies (The culture medium for the accumulation of Salmonella, ready to use, “RNS”), providing the accumulation of Salmonella from different serogroups, inhibiting the growth of accompanying microflora, allowing to obtain objective information about the extent of bacterial contamination of water bodies. Medium is by nature of a solution for microbiological purposes which is produced by mixing the components with consequentfiltration and sterilization. In an experimental way there were chosen optimal ratios of the nutrient medium ingredients: extract offodder yeast in an amount of 4.

[Scientific substantiation of perfection of sanitary bacteriological monitoring in drinking water use].

Criterion of the epidemic safety of drinking water is the absence of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Currently, water quality control is performed in terms of the index of total coliform bacteria (TCB). TCB index oriented to the labile lactose sign has not sufficient relevance in the determination of the degree of the epidemic danger in the water use in relation to Salmonella and potentially pathogenic microorganisms.

Propensity to form amyloid fibrils is encoded as excitations in the free energy landscape of monomeric proteins.

Protein aggregation, linked to many of diseases, is initiated when monomers access rogue conformations that are poised to form amyloid fibrils. We show, using simulations of src SH3 domain, that mechanical force enhances the population of the aggregation-prone (N(⁎)) states, which are rarely populated under force free native conditions but are encoded in the spectrum of native fluctuations. The folding phase diagrams of SH3 as a function of denaturant concentration ([C]), mechanical force (f), and temperature exhibit an apparent two-state behavior, without revealing the presence of the elusive N(⁎) states.

[The significance of glucose positive coliform bacteria and potentially pathogenic bacteria as an indicator of epidemiological safety of tap water].

Due to intensive anthropogenic pollution of water environment generally accepted indicators of epidemic security of water bodies--common bacteria (CB) and thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB) do not always permit to obtain an objective characterization of bacterial contamination of tap water. From the point of view of authors the integral index--glucose positive coliform bacteria most adequately reflect the sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological situation of water bodies. In monitoring for bacterial quality of tap water it is advisable to determine glucose positive coliform bacteria, that will provide the relevance of estimation of the epidemiological safety of water use.

[The value of glucose-positive coliform bacteria and potentially pathogenic bacteria as indicators of epidemiological safety of tap water].

Due to intensive anthropogenic pollution of water environment generally accepted indicators of epidemic security of water bodies - common bacteria and thermotolerant coliform bacteria do not always permit to obtain an objective characterization of bacterial contamination of tap water. From the point of view of authors the integral index - glucose positive coliform bacteria most adequately reflect the sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological situation of water bodies. In monitoring for bacterial quality of tap water it is advisable to determine glucose positive coliform bacteria, that will provide the relevance of estimation of the epidemiological safety of water use.

Theory of active transport in filopodia and stereocilia.

The biological processes in elongated organelles of living cells are often regulated by molecular motor transport. We determined spatial distributions of motors in such organelles, corresponding to a basic scenario when motors only walk along the substrate, bind, unbind, and diffuse. We developed a mean-field model, which quantitatively reproduces elaborate stochastic simulation results as well as provides a physical interpretation of experimentally observed distributions of Myosin IIIa in stereocilia and filopodia.

Computing free energy of a large-scale allosteric transition in adenylate kinase using all atom explicit solvent simulations.

During allosteric motions proteins navigate rugged energy landscapes. Hence, mapping of these multidimensional landscapes into lower dimensional manifolds is important for gaining deeper insights into allosteric dynamics. Using a recently developed computational technique, we calculated the free energy difference between the open and closed states of adenylate kinase, an allosteric protein which was extensively studied previously using both experimental and theoretical approaches.

Protein fluxes along the filopodium as a framework for understanding the growth-retraction dynamics: the interplay between diffusion and active transport.

We present a picture of filopodial growth and retraction from physics perspective, where we emphasize the significance of the role played by protein fluxes due to spatially extended nature of the filopodium. We review a series of works, which used stochastic simulations and mean field analytical modeling to find the concentration profile of G-actin inside a filopodium, which, in turn, determines the stationary filopodial length. In addition to extensively reviewing the prior works, we also report some new results on the role of active transport in regulating the length of filopodia.

[New methodological approaches to the detection and quantitative registration of Salmonella in the study of water objects].

The paper gives data on the use of techniques to detect and register Salmonella in the water objects, by applying a new liquid nutrient medium. Experimental and field studies have shown its advantage over the accumulation media widely used in practical healthcare. It has been ascertained that the nutrient medium not only accumulates biomass, but also provides the restoration of the biological properties of uncultivated Salmonella species.