Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal the potential of hydroxy-alpha-sanshool in alleviating insulin resistance.

Hydroxy-alpha-sanshool (HAS) has attracted attention because of its various biological activities, such as hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of HAS on insulin resistance (IR) and its mechanism. HAS reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), promoted insulin (INS) secretion, significantly decreased levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and increased the IL-2 level in serum of IR model mice.

Enhanced sludge dewaterability and confined antibiotics degradation in biochar-mediated chemical conditioning through modulating Fe oxidative states distribution and reaction sites in multiphase.

For antibiotic-enriched waste activated sludge, classical iron-based chemical conditioning significantly enhanced sludge dewaterability. Nevertheless, the intricate constituents within sludge rapidly depleted reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to challenges such as excessive production of iron sludge and inadequate elimination of antibiotics from sludge. Herein, we proposed an innovative strategy integrating biochar with Fe(II) for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, aiming to enhance both sludge dewaterability and antibiotics elimination simultaneously.

Transforming contaminant ligands at water-solid interfaces via trivalent metal coordination.

In environmental matrices, the migration and distribution of contaminants at water-solid interfaces play a crucial role in their capture or dissemination. Scientists working in environmental remediation and wastewater treatment are increasingly aware of metal-contaminant coordination; however, interfacial behaviors remain underexplored. Here, we show that trivalent metal ions (e.

Factors Affecting the Formation and Transformation of the Intermediates in Pd(II)-Catalyzed Aromatic C-H Activation: A Comprehensive Study with the Pd(II)/LA Platform.

How the factors affecting the formation and transformation of the intermediates in Pd(II)-catalyzed aromatic C-H activation: A comprehensive study with the Pd(II)/LA platform. Using the Pd(II)/Lewis acid (LA)-catalyzed C-H activation of electron-rich acetanilides as a platform, the C-H activation intermediates, including the precomplex η-intermediate, the agostic hydrogen intermediate, and the palladacycle compound have been well-characterized. This work presents how the catalyst source, substrate, and solvent affect the formation of the η-intermediate and its equilibrium with the agostic hydrogen intermediate, and the transformation of the agostic hydrogen intermediate to the palladacycle compound through C-H activation.

Effects of potassium-mediated electrical communication inhibition on nitrogen removal in microbial fuel cells.

Potassium ion signaling mediates microbial communication in electroactive biofilms within microbial fuel cells (MFCs), but its role in nitrogen removal remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of inhibiting potassium signaling on nitrogen removal in MFCs using tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) as an inhibitor. Results demonstrated that 5 mM and 10 mM TEA reduced the maximum power generation of MFCs from 77.

Physical conditioning methods for sludge deep dewatering: A critical review.

Sludge is an inevitable waste product of sewage treatment with a high water content and large volume, it poses a significant threat of secondary pollution to both water and the atmosphere without proper disposal. In this regard, dewatering has emerged as an attractive method in sludge treatment, as it can reduce the sludge volume, enhance its transportability and calorific value, and even decrease the production of landfill leachate. In recent years, physical conditioning methods including non-chemical conditioners or energy input alone, have been extensively researched for their potential to enhance sludge dewatering efficiency, such as thermal treatment, freeze-thaw, microwave, ultrasonic, skeleton builders addition, and electro-dewatering, as well as combined methods.

Deep dewatering of sludge and resource recovery of hydroxyapatite: A recyclable approach via ionic liquid biphasic system and hydrogen bonds reformation.

Deep dewatering of Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) through mechanical processes remains inefficient, primarily due to the formation of a stable hydrogen bonding network between the biopolymers and water, which consequently leads to significant water trapped by Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). In this study, a novel and recyclable treatment for WAS based on Ionic Liquids (ILs) was established, named IL-biphasic aqueous system (IL-ABS) treatment. Specifically, the IL-ABS formed in WAS facilitated rapid and efficient in-situ deep dewatering while concurrently recovering hydroxyapatite.

Pd(II)/LA-catalyzed acetanilide olefination with dioxygen.

Transition-metal-catalyzed aromatic olefination through direct C-H activation represents an atom and step-economic route for versatile pharmaceutical syntheses, and in many cases, different stoichiometric oxidants are frequently employed for achieving a reasonable catalytic efficiency of the transition metal ions. Herein, we report a Lewis acid promoted Pd(II)-catalyzed acetanilide olefination reaction with atmospheric dioxygen as the oxidant source. The linkage of the Lewis acid to the Pd(II) species through a diacetate bridge significantly improved its catalytic efficiency, and independent kinetic studies on the olefination step revealed that adding the Lewis acid significantly accelerated the olefination rate as well as the C-H activation step.

Formation mechanism of persistent free radicals during pyrolysis of Fenton-conditioned sewage sludge: Influence of NOM and iron.

The present study provided an innovative insight into the formation mechanism of persistent free radicals (PFRs) during the pyrolysis of Fenton-conditioned sludge. Fenton conditioners simultaneously improve the dewatering performance of sewage sludge and catalyze the pyrolysis of sewage sludge for the formation of PFRs. In this process, PFRs with a total number of spins of 9.

Research and application of deep learning-based sleep staging: Data, modeling, validation, and clinical practice.

Over the past few decades, researchers have attempted to simplify and accelerate the process of sleep stage classification through various approaches; however, only a few such approaches have gained widespread acceptance. Artificial intelligence technology, particularly deep learning, is promising for earning the trust of the sleep medicine community in automated sleep-staging systems, thus facilitating its application in clinical practice and integration into daily life. We aimed to comprehensively review the latest methods that are applying deep learning for enhancing sleep staging efficiency and accuracy.

Elimination of hazardous Se(IV) through adsorption-coupled reduction by iron nanoparticles embedded on mesopores of chitin obtained from waste shrimp shells.

Selenium is an essential nutrient for biological function. However, there is a detrimental effect on the aquatic environment associated with higher concentrations of > 40 µg/L. The utilization of waste shrimp shells for the removal of high-concentrated selenium from wastewater is a commendable strategy in both the pollution control and waste management sectors.

Effective and low-toxicity: A membrane cleaning method using peroxymonosulfate catalytic chlorination.

In chemical membrane cleaning, the challenge is to efficiently remove irreversible fouling while minimizing the impact on membrane materials. Particularly, traditional hypochlorite cleaning will further lead to the generation of toxic halogenated by-products. To address these issues, a combined system composed of peroxymonosulfate and chloride (PMS/Cl) was applied to clean irreversible-humic-acid-fouled polyethersulfone (PES) membranes.

Unveiling the mechanisms of peracetic acid activation by iron-rich sludge biochar for sulfamethoxazole degradation with wide adaptability.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on peracetic acid (PAA) has been extensively concerned for the degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, metallic iron-modified sludge biochar (Fe-SBC) was employed to activate PAA for the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The characterization results indicated that FeO and FeO were successfully loaded on the surface of the sludge biochar (SBC).

Understanding the coordination behavior of antibiotics: Take tetracycline as an example.

Gaining insight into the occurrence states of residual antibiotics is crucial to demystify their environmental behavior. However, the complexation of heteroatoms functioned on antibiotic molecules to metal ions in the water environment is not fully understood. This study reports that a fluorescence response was unexpectedly triggered by tetracycline (TC) and Al, serving as solid evidence to visualize the Al-TC coordination reaction.

Nitrogen-rich carbon composite fabricated from waste shrimp shells for highly efficient oxo-vanadate adsorption-coupled reduction.

Protein, calcium carbonate, and chitin are abundant in shrimp shells. In this study, chemical treatment followed by hydrothermal carbonization was used to synthesize the nitrogen-rich hydrochar (HSHC) from shrimp shells. The untreated hydrochar exhibited a higher amount of calcium (25.

Study on the coordination conduct and kinetic insights within the oxo-vanadate and organic reductive nitrogen and sulfur functionalities during the reduction coupled adsorption processes: Implications in practical applications.

Vanadium(V) is arising wastewater contaminant recently. Although bio-reduction of vanadium(V) is effective, the knowledge of electron transfer pathways and coordination nature by cellular organic functionalities is seriously lacking. Herein, the coordination conduct and kinetic modes for the reduction of V(V) by organic nitrogen and sulfur functionalities in working pHs are comprehensively investigated for the first time.

Correction: Lewis acid improved dioxygen activation by a non-heme iron(II) complex towards tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity for olefin oxygenation.

Correction for 'Lewis acid improved dioxygen activation by a non-heme iron(II) complex towards tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity for olefin oxygenation' by Guangjian Liao , , 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2dt02769k.

Observing the Agostic Hydrogen in Pd(II)-Catalyzed Aromatic C-H Activation.

Direct C-H activation and functionalization offer a convenient protocol for pharmaceutical and material syntheses. Although versatile mechanisms have been proposed to depict transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation, to date, the shared key agostic hydrogen intermediate in several major mechanisms has not been observed yet, which apparently puzzles the mechanism-based catalyst design. This work reports the direct observations of this intermediate in Pd(II)/Sc(III)-catalyzed C-H activation of acetanilides, and its stability and reactivity in C-H activation are investigated.

Lewis acid improved dioxygen activation by a non-heme iron(II) complex towards tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity for olefin oxygenation.

Dioxygen activation and catalysis around ambient temperature is a long-standing challenge in chemistry. Inspired by the significant roles of the hydrogen bond network in dioxygen activation and catalysis by redox enzymes, this work presents a Lewis acid improved dioxygen activation by an Fe(BPMEN)(OTf) complex towards tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) activity for 3-methylindole and common olefinic CC  bond oxygenation and cleavage (enzymatic Brønsted acid chemical Lewis acid). It was found that the presence of a Lewis acid such as Sc could substantially improve olefinic CC  bond oxygenation and cleavage activity through Fe(BPMEN)(OTf) catalyzed dioxygen activation.

Molten-salts assisted preparation of iron-nitrogen-carbon catalyst for efficient degradation of acetaminophen by periodate activation.

Highly efficient and stable heterogeneous catalysts were desired to activate periodate (PI) for sustainable pollution control. Herein, iron-nitrogen-carbon catalyst was synthesized using a facile molten-salts mediated pyrolysis strategy (denoted as FeNC-MS) and employed to activate PI for the degradation of acetaminophen (ACE). Compared with iron-nitrogen-carbon catalyst prepared by direct pyrolysis method (marked as FeNC), FeNC-MS exhibited superior catalytic activity due to its large specific surface area (1600 m g) and the abundance of FeN sites.