A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Is HPV infected by oral sex the causative agent?

Background: The integration of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA into the human genome has been implicated in cervical carcinogenesis and head and neck squamous cell cancer. However, its role in lung squamous cell carcinoma is not well understood. In addition, tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer(LC) share similar clinical symptoms and imaging features, increasing the risk of misdiagnosis.

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles convey solute transporters to induce bioenergetic dependence shift contributing to treatment resistance.

Growing evidence points to the tumor microenvironment's role in developing drug resistance. A key element of this microenvironment is inter-cellular communication, which includes the release of membrane-encapsulated vesicles containing various cargo, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Understanding how EVs contribute to acquired resistance holds significant clinical implications.

Nanoparticle-induced chemoresistance: the emerging modulatory effects of engineered nanomaterials on human intestinal cancer cell redox metabolic adaptation.

The widespread use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in food products necessitates the understanding of their impact on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Herein, we screened several representative food-borne comparator ENMs ( ZnO, SiO and TiO nanoparticles (NPs)) and report that human colon cancer cells can insidiously exploit ZnO NP-induced adaptive response to acquire resistance against several chemotherapeutic drugs. By employing a conditioning and challenge treatment regime, we demonstrate that repeated exposure to a non-toxic dose of ZnO NPs (20 μM) could dampen the efficacy of cisplatin, paclitaxel and doxorubicin by 10-50% in monolayer culture and 3D spheroids of human colon adenocarcinoma cells.

Benefits and Conflicts: A Systematic Review of Dog Park Design and Management Strategies.

Dog ownership and dog walking brings various health benefits for urban dwellers, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, but trigger a number of controversies. Dog parks have become increasingly significant public resources in the pandemic to support these benefits while facing intense conflicts. To develop effective dog parks in urban settings, growing numbers of scholars have provided insights into the design and management strategies for addressing the benefits and conflicts.

Printer center nanoparticles alter the DNA repair capacity of human bronchial airway epithelial cells.

Nano-enabled, toner-based printing equipment emit nanoparticles during operation. The bioactivity of these nanoparticles as documented in a plethora of published toxicological studies raises concerns about their potential health effects. These include pro-inflammatory effects that can lead to adverse epigenetic alterations and cardiovascular disorders in rats.

Microbial resistance to nanotechnologies: An important but understudied consideration using antimicrobial nanotechnologies in orthopaedic implants.

Microbial resistance to current antibiotics therapies is a major cause of implant failure and adverse clinical outcomes in orthopaedic surgery. Recent developments in advanced antimicrobial nanotechnologies provide numerous opportunities to effective remove resistant bacteria and prevent resistance from occurring through unique mechanisms. With tunable physicochemical properties, nanomaterials can be designed to be bactericidal, antifouling, immunomodulating, and capable of delivering antibacterial compounds to the infection region with spatiotemporal accuracy.

Direct reuse of electronic plastic scraps from computer monitor and keyboard to direct stem cell growth and differentiation.

Reuse of electronic wastes is a critical aspect for a more sustainable circular economy as it provides the simplest and most direct route to extend the lifespan of non-renewable resources. Herein, the distinctive surface and micro topographical features of computer electronic-plastic (E-plastic) scraps were unconventionally repurposed as a substrate material to guide the growth and differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). Specifically, the E-plastics were scavenged from discarded computer components such as light diffuser plate (polyacrylates), prismatic sheet (polyethylene terephthalate), and keyboards (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) were cleaned, sterilized, and systematically characterized to determine the identity of the plastics, chemical constituents, surface features, and leaching characteristics.

Diatom-inspired 2D nitric oxide releasing anti-infective porous nanofrustules.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (NM) have emerged as promising platforms for antibacterial applications. However, the inherent "flatness" of 2D NM often limits the loading of antimicrobial components needed for synergistic bactericidal actions. Here, inspired by the highly ornamented siliceous frustules of diatoms, we prepared 2D ultrathin (<20 nm) and rigid "nanofrustule" plates the out-of-plane growth of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) directed silica mesostructures on the surfaces of 2D graphene oxide nanosheets.

Potent-By-Design: Amino Acids Mimicking Porous Nanotherapeutics with Intrinsic Anticancer Targeting Properties.

Exogenous sources of amino acids are essential nutrients to fuel cancer growth. Here, the increased demand for amino acid displayed by cancer cells is unconventionally exploited as a design principle to replete cancer cells with apoptosis inducing nanoscopic porous amino acid mimics (Nano-PAAM). A small library consisting of nine essential amino acids nanoconjugates (30 nm) are synthesized, and the in vitro anticancer activity is evaluated.

Repurposing of Fruit Peel Waste as a Green Reductant for Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The development of environmentally benign hydrometallurgical processes to treat spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a critical aspect of the electronic-waste circular economy. Herein, as an alternative to the highly explosive HO, discarded orange peel powder (OP) is valorized as a green reductant for the leaching of industrially produced LIBs scraps in citric acid (HCit) lixiviant. The reductive potential of the cellulose- and antioxidant-rich OP was validated using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid assays.

Inflammation Increases Susceptibility of Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells to Pneumonic Nanotoxicity.

Exposure to inhaled anthropogenic nanomaterials (NM) with dimension <100 nm has been implicated in numerous adverse respiratory outcomes. Although studies have identified key NM physiochemical determinants of pneumonic nanotoxicity, the complex interactive and cumulative effects of NM exposure, especially in individuals with preexisting inflammatory respiratory diseases, remain unclear. Herein, the susceptibility of primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) exposed to a panel of reference NM, namely, CuO, ZnO, mild steel welding fume (MSWF), and nanofractions of copier center particles (Nano-CCP), is examined in normal and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced inflamed SAEC.

A Tag-Based Affinity Purification Mass Spectrometry Workflow for Systematic Isolation of the Human Mitochondrial Protein Complexes.

Mitochondria (mt) are double-membraned, dynamic organelles that play an essential role in a large number of cellular processes, and impairments in mt function have emerged as a causative factor for a growing number of human disorders. Given that most biological functions are driven by physical associations between proteins, the first step towards understanding mt dysfunction is to map its protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in a comprehensive and systematic fashion. While mass-spectrometry (MS) based approaches possess the high sensitivity ideal for such an endeavor, it also requires stringent biochemical purification of bait proteins to avoid detecting spurious, non-specific PPIs.

A Map of Human Mitochondrial Protein Interactions Linked to Neurodegeneration Reveals New Mechanisms of Redox Homeostasis and NF-κB Signaling.

Mitochondrial protein (MP) dysfunction has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders (NDs); however, the discovery of the molecular mechanisms underlying NDs has been impeded by the limited characterization of interactions governing MP function. Here, using mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of 210 affinity-purified mitochondrial (mt) fractions isolated from 27 epitope-tagged human ND-linked MPs in HEK293 cells, we report a high-confidence MP network including 1,964 interactions among 772 proteins (>90% previously unreported). Nearly three-fourths of these interactions were confirmed in mouse brain and multiple human differentiated neuronal cell lines by primary antibody immunoprecipitation and MS, with many linked to NDs and autism.

Molecular Design and Medicinal Applications of Nano-Nitric Oxide Delivery Systems.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) plays important regulatory roles in a plethora of biological functions and thus holds tremendous potential to be exploited for clinical uses. However, the chemistries in the molecular design of nano-nitric oxide delivery systems is currently lacking.

Objective: The overarching aim of this review is to provide the readers with the fundamentals that relate to the design of NO release molecules (NORMs), loading and releasing mechanism, as well as delivery of NORMs for nanotherapeutics.