Electronic and vacancy engineering of ruthenium doped hollow-structured NiO/CoO nanoreactors for low-barrier electrochemical urea-assisted energy-saving hydrogen production.

Discovering a valid approach to achieve a novel and efficient water splitting catalyst is essential for the development of hydrogen energy technology. Herein, unique hollow-structured ruthenium (Ru)-doped nickel-cobalt oxide (Ru-NiO/CoO/NF) nanocube arrays are fabricated as high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)/urea oxidation reaction (UOR) through combined electronic and vacancy engineering. The structural characterization and experimental results indicate that the doping of Ru can not only effectively modulate the electronic structure of Ru-NiO/CoO/NF, but also increase the content of oxygen vacancies in the structure of Ru-NiO/CoO/NF to stabilize the existence of oxygen vacancies during the catalytic process.

Recent progress in electrochemical C-N coupling: metal catalyst strategies and applications.

Electrochemical C-N coupling reactions hold significant importance in the fields of organic chemistry and green chemistry. Conventional methods for constructing C-N bonds typically rely on high temperatures, high pressures, and other conditions that are energy-intensive and prone to generating environmental pollutants. In contrast, the electrochemical approaches employ electrical energy as the driving force to achieve C-N bond formation under ambient conditions, representing a more environment-friendly and sustainable alternative.

Differential pressure sensors based on transfer-free piezoresistive layered PdSethin films.

Piezoresistive layered two-dimensional (2D) crystals offer intriguing promise as pressure sensors for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) due to their remarkable strain-induced conductivity modulation. However, integration of the conventional chemical vapor deposition grown 2D thin films onto a micromachined silicon platform requires a complex transfer process, which degrades their strain-sensing performance. In this study, we present a differential pressure sensor built on a transfer-free piezoresistive PdSepolycrystalline film deposited on a SiNmembrane by plasma-enhanced selenization of a metal film at a temperature as low as 200 °C.

Genetic algorithm-based optical proximity correction for DMD maskless lithography.

We present an optical proximity correction (OPC) method based on a genetic algorithm for reducing the optical proximity effect-induced pattern distortion in digital micromirror device (DMD) maskless lithography. Via this algorithm-assisted grayscale modulation of the initial mask at the pixel level, the exposure pattern can be enhanced significantly. Actual exposure experiments revealed that the rate of matching between the final exposure pattern and the mask pattern can be increased by up to 20%.

Rational Fabrication of Defect-Rich and Hierarchically Porous Fe-N-C Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for Zinc-Air Battery.

The rational design of morphology and structure for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts still remains a critical challenge. Herein, we successfully construct defect-rich and hierarchically porous Fe-N-C nanosheets (Fe-N-CNSs), by taking advantage of metal-organic complexation and a mesoporous template. Benefiting from the advantages of high density of active sites, fast mass transfer channels, and sufficient reaction area, the optimal Fe-N-CNSs demonstrate satisfactory ORR activity with an excellent half-wave potential of up to 0.

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Electrocoalescence Behaviors of Two Unequally Sized Conducting Droplets.

The electrocoalescence of droplets plays a crucial role in various fields. However, studies on the effects of droplet radius on the electrocoalescence behaviors of droplets have not been conducted until now. In this work, the electrocoalescence behaviors of two unequally sized conducting droplets are investigated via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

iTRAQ Mitoproteome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana Induced by Ochratoxin A.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most common and dangerous mycotoxins in the world. Previous work indicated that OTA could elicit spontaneous HR-like lesions formation , reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in OTA toxicity, and their major endogenous source is mitochondria. However, there has been no evidence as to whether OTA induces directly PCD in plants until now.

Arabidopsis thaliana defense response to the ochratoxin A-producing strain (Aspergillus ochraceus 3.4412).

OTA-producing strain Aspergillus ochraceus induced necrotic lesions, ROS accumulation and defense responses in Arabidopsis . Primary metabolic and defense-related proteins changed in proteomics. Ascorbate-glutathione cycle and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel proteins fluctuated.

Changes in biosynthesis and metabolism of glutathione upon ochratoxin A stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins, which is toxic to plants and simulates oxidative stress. Glutathione is an important antioxidant in plants and is closely associated with detoxification in cells. We have previously shown that OTA exposure induces obvious expression differences in genes associated with glutathione metabolism.

Comparative proteomics and physiological characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in responses to Ochratoxin A.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is primarily produced by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum. This mycotoxin is a contaminant of food and feedstock worldwide and may induce cell death in plants. To investigate the dynamic growth process of Arabidopsis seedlings in response to OTA stress and to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism of OTA toxicity towards Arabidopsis, a comparative proteomics study using 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS was performed.