Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine inducing optimal expression of the SARS-CoV-2 S gene in hACE2 mice.

The wide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly threatened public health. Human herd immunity induced by vaccination is essential to fight the epidemic. Therefore, highly immunogenic and safe vaccines are necessary to control SARS-CoV-2, whose S protein is the antigenic determinant responsible for eliciting antibodies that prevent viral entry and fusion.

GII.P16-GII.2 Recombinant Norovirus VLPs Polarize Macrophages Into the M1 Phenotype for Th1 Immune Responses.

Norovirus (NoV) is a zoonotic virus that causes diarrhea in humans and animals. Outbreaks in nosocomial settings occur annually worldwide, endangering public health and causing serious social and economic burdens. The latter quarter of 2016 witnessed the emergence of the GII.

Newcastle Disease Virus Inhibits the Proliferation of T Cells Induced by Dendritic Cells and .

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects poultry and antagonizes host immunity several mechanisms. Dendritic cells (DCs) are characterized as specialized antigen presenting cells, bridging innate and adaptive immunity and regulating host resistance to viral invasion. However, there is little specific knowledge of the role of DCs in NDV infection.

Neutron irradiation and post annealing effect on sapphire by positron annihilation.

Sapphire single crystals grown by an improved Kyropoulos-like method are irradiated by fast neutron flux. The irradiated doses of neutron are 10(18) and 10(19)n/cm(2). The infrared transmission spectra of sapphire were studied before and after irradiation.