Substrate-Switched Dual-Signal Self-Powered Sensing System Based on Dual-Nanozyme Activity of Bimetal-Doped CeO Nanospheres for Electrochemical Assay of Aflatoxin B1.

The long-term operation feature of enzymatic biofuel cell-based self-powered biosensor (EBFC-SPB) endows them with the potential to execute dual-signal biosensing without having to integrate an extra signal acquisition device. Herein, cobalt and manganese codoped CeO nanospheres (CoMn-CeO NSs) with glucose-oxidase-like and peroxidase-like activities have been developed as substrate-switched dual-channel signal transduction components in EBFC-SPB for a dual-signal assay of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The CoMn-CeO NSs modified with aptamer are anchored to a complementary DNA-attached bioanode of EBFC-SPB by base complementary pairing, which catalyze the glucose oxidation together with the glucose oxidase (GOx) on the bioanode.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causes Heightened Disease Severity and Mortality in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome.

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with Down syndrome are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and have higher rates of hospitalization and mortality than the general population. However, the main drivers behind these disparate health outcomes remain unknown. Herein, we performed experimental infections with SARS-CoV-2 in a well-established mouse model of Down syndrome.

Identification of molecular subtypes and diagnostic model in clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on collagen-related genes may predict the response of immunotherapy.

Collagen represents a prominent constituent of the tumor's extracellular matrix (ECM). Nonetheless, its correlation with the molecular subtype attributes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains elusive. Our objective is to delineate collagen-associated molecular subtypes and further construct diagnostic model, offering insights conducive to the precise selection of ccRCC patients for immunotherapeutic interventions.

Gross Hematuria Does not Affect the Selection of Nephrectomy Types for Clinical Stage 1 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to discuss the correlation between gross hematuria and postoperative upstaging (from T1 to T3a) in patients with cT1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and to compare oncologic outcomes of partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) in patients with gross hematuria.

Methods: A total of 2145 patients who met the criteria were enrolled in the study (including 363 patients with gross hematuria). The least absolute selection and shrinkage operator logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factor of postoperative pathological upstaging.

Patients with high nuclear grade pT1-ccRCC are more suitable for radical nephrectomy than partial nephrectomy: a multicenter retrospective study using propensity score.

Background: Partial nephrectomy (PN) is usually recommended for T1 stage clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) regardless of the nuclear grades. However, the question remains unresolved as to whether PN is non-inferior to RN in patients with T1-ccRCC at higher risk of recurrence. In fact, we found that patients with high nuclear grades treated with PN had poorer prognosis compared with those treated with radical nephrectomy (RN).

Dissection of a Down syndrome-associated trisomy to separate the gene dosage-dependent and -independent effects of an extra chromosome.

As an aneuploidy, trisomy is associated with mammalian embryonic and postnatal abnormalities. Understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in mutant phenotypes is broadly important and may lead to new strategies to treat clinical manifestations in individuals with trisomies, such as trisomy 21 [Down syndrome (DS)]. Although increased gene dosage effects because of a trisomy may account for the mutant phenotypes, there is also the possibility that phenotypic consequences of a trisomy can arise because of the presence of a freely segregating extra chromosome with its own centromere, i.

Hearing impairment in murine model of Down syndrome.

Hearing impairment is a cardinal feature of Down syndrome (DS), but its clinical manifestations have been attributed to multiple factors. Murine models could provide mechanistic insights on various causes of hearing loss in DS. To investigate mechanisms of hearing loss in DS in the absence of the cadherin 23 mutation, we backcrossed our DS mice, Dp(16)1Yey, onto normal-hearing CBA/J mice and evaluated their auditory function.

Tuning the Oxidation State of Cu Electrodes for Selective Electrosynthesis of Ammonia from Nitrate.

Electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO) to ammonia (NH) provides a promising route for recycling nitrate from wastewater to balance the nitrogen cycle and sustainable production of ammonia. Among various catalytic materials for NO electroreduction, Cu shows a favorable selectivity to NH. However, Cu can be easily oxidized, while the effect of the Cu oxidation state on NO reduction remains to be elucidated.

Coat Color-Facilitated Efficient Generation and Analysis of a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome Triplicated for All Human Chromosome 21 Orthologous Regions.

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most complex genetic disorders in humans and a leading genetic cause of developmental delays and intellectual disabilities. The mouse remains an essential model organism in DS research because human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) is orthologously conserved with three regions in the mouse genome. Recent studies have revealed complex interactions among different triplicated genomic regions and Hsa21 gene orthologs that underlie major DS phenotypes.

Mechanistic Analysis of Age-Related Clinical Manifestations in Down Syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to trisomy for all or part of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). It is also associated with other phenotypes including distinctive facial features, cardiac defects, growth delay, intellectual disability, immune system abnormalities, and hearing loss. All adults with DS demonstrate AD-like brain pathology, including amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, by age 40 and dementia typically by age 60.

Enhancing carbon dioxide gas-diffusion electrolysis by creating a hydrophobic catalyst microenvironment.

Electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO) over copper-based catalysts provides an attractive approach for sustainable fuel production. While efforts are focused on developing catalytic materials, it is also critical to understand and control the microenvironment around catalytic sites, which can mediate the transport of reaction species and influence reaction pathways. Here, we show that a hydrophobic microenvironment can significantly enhance CO gas-diffusion electrolysis.

A subsequent procedure for further deciphering weapons after application of the Trace Metal Detection Test (TMDT): Proof of concept.

The trace metal detection test (TMDT) is an effective and convenient technique to potentially link perpetrators and metallic weapons by comparing morphological information of developed imprints and suspected weapons. However, metallic items without characteristic patterns and incomplete contact with weapons often lead to inadequate morphological features in developed imprints on hands, resulting in difficulty in identifying suspected weapons and a failure to demonstrate potential relationships between perpetrators and weapons. This paper presents a subsequent procedure, after application of the TMDT, for inferring possible weapon-source of a specific imprint.

A modified trace metal detection test for secondary imprints on porous substrates: A preliminary study.

In the investigation of criminal cases involving metallic weapons such as firearms and knives, the trace metal detection test (TMDT) and the transfer detection technique are two effective and on-the-spot methods to link a suspect and a suspected metallic weapon. In general, these tests need to be conducted on suspects' hands or done by lifting trace metals from their hands within 3 days of the crime being committed. However, if no suspects are arrested within this period, neither of these two techniques is applicable.

Analysis of mutations in primary and metastatic synovial sarcoma.

Synovial sarcoma is the most common pediatric non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma and accounts for about 8-10% of all soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and adolescence. The presence of a chromosomal translocation-associated -fusion gene is causally linked to development of primary synovial sarcoma. Metastases occur in approximately 50-70% of synovial sarcoma cases with yet unknown mechanisms, which led to about 70-80% mortality rate in five years.

Triplications of human chromosome 21 orthologous regions in mice result in expansion of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors and reduction of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors.

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) frequently have hematopoietic abnormalities, including transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia which are often accompanied by acquired GATA1 mutations that produce a truncated protein, GATA1s. The mouse has been used for modeling DS based on the syntenic conservation between human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and three regions in the mouse genome located on mouse chromosome 10 (Mmu10), Mmu16 and Mmu17. To assess the impact of the dosage increase of Hsa21 gene orthologs on the hematopoietic system, we characterized the related phenotype in the model which carries duplications spanning the entire Hsa21 orthologous regions on Mmu10, Mmu16 and Mmu17, and the /+;/+;; model which carries a mutation we engineered.

A General Method for Large-Scale Fabrication of Semiconducting Oxides with High SERS Sensitivity.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a versatile and powerful spectroscopic technique for substance analysis and detection. So far, the highest detection sensitivities have been realized on noble nanostructure substrates, which, however, are costly, unstable, and non-biocompatible. While semiconductor substrates could in principle be used, existing realizations have either resulted in substrates with low sensitivities or used methods that have poor technical control.

Enhanced PEC performance of nanoporous Si photoelectrodes by covering HfO and TiO passivation layers.

Nanostructured Si as the high efficiency photoelectrode material is hard to keep stable in aqueous for water splitting. Capping a passivation layer on the surface of Si is an effective way of protecting from oxidation. However, it is still not clear in the different mechanisms and effects between insulating oxide materials and oxide semiconductor materials as passivation layers.

Trans-acting epigenetic effects of chromosomal aneuploidies: lessons from Down syndrome and mouse models.

An important line of postgenomic research seeks to understand how genetic factors can influence epigenetic patterning. Here we review epigenetic effects of chromosomal aneuploidies, focusing on findings in Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21). Recent work in human DS and mouse models has shown that the extra chromosome 21 acts in trans to produce epigenetic changes, including differential CpG methylation (DS-DM), in specific sets of downstream target genes, mostly on other chromosomes.

[Spectrophotometric Determination of the Amount of Zinc on the Imprint Left on Hands by Zinc Coatings with 5-Br-PADAP as the Chromogenic Reagent].

Spectrophotometric determination of the amount of zinc on the imprint left on hands by zinc coatings with 2-(5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino)-phenol (5-Br-PADAP) as a chromogenic reagent has been studied in this paper. The effect of reaction conditions including volume and pH of buffer solution as well as the volume of chromogenic reagent on the determination has also been studied. On the optimized condition, the standard curve of zinc has been established and the amount of zinc on the imprint left on hands by zinc coatings with different contact time and time elapse has been determined separately.

Ultrafast Self-Limited Growth of Strictly Monolayer WSe Crystals.

The controllable synthesis of uniform tungsten diselenide (WSe ) is crucial for its emerging applications due to the high sensitivity of its extraordinary physicochemical properties to its layer numbers. However, undesirable multilayer regions inevitably form during the fabrication of WSe via the traditional chemical vapor deposition process resulted from the lack of significantly energetically favorable competition between layer accumulation and size expansion. This work innovatively introduces Cu to occupy the hexagonal site positioned at the center of the six membered ring of the WSe surface, thus filtrates the undesired reaction path through precisely thermodynamical control and achieves self-limited growth WSe crystals.

Mouse-based genetic modeling and analysis of Down syndrome.

Introduction: Down syndrome (DS), caused by human trisomy 21 (Ts21), can be considered as a prototypical model for understanding the effects of chromosomal aneuploidies in other diseases. Human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) is syntenically conserved with three regions in the mouse genome.

Sources Of Data: A review of recent advances in genetic modeling and analysis of DS.