A global urban tree leaf area index dataset for urban climate modeling.

Urban trees are recognized for mitigating urban thermal stress, therefore incorporating their effects is crucial for urban climate research. However, due to the limitation of remote sensing, the LAI in urban areas is generally masked (e.g.

Amino Acid-Assisted Construction of an MOF-on-MOF Structure for Highly Selective Detection of Triethylamine at Low Temperature.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), known for their exceptional gas permeability and abundant active sites, are a class of porous coordination polymers that can serve as ideal candidates for constructing advanced gas sensors. However, the limitations of low electrical conductivity and inadequate stability under extreme conditions hinder their advancements in gas-sensing applications. Moreover, a single MOF structure occasionally demonstrates insufficient selectivity toward specific gases, failing to meet stringent sensing requirements.

Multiomics insights into BMI-related intratumoral microbiota in gastric cancer.

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) is considered an important factor in tumor prognosis, but its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains controversial. There is a lack of studies exploring the effect of BMI on gastric cancer from the perspective of intratumoral microbiota. This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences in and functions of intratumoral microbiota among GC patients with varying BMIs, aiming to ascertain whether specific microbial features are associated with prognosis in low-BMI (LBMI) gastric cancer patients.

Iteratively Capped Reweighting Norm Minimization with Global Convergence Guarantee for Low-Rank Matrix Learning.

In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that low rank matrix learning (LRML) has become a popular approach in machine learning and computer vision with many important applications, such as image inpainting, subspace clustering, and recommendation system. The latest LRML methods resort to using some surrogate functions as convex or nonconvex relaxation of the rank function. However, most of these methods ignore the difference between different rank components and can only yield suboptimal solutions.

Dynamic evolution in multi-player networked trust games with graded punishment.

Trust holds a pivotal position in contemporary society. Yet, the question of how to elevate and sustain trust among selfish individuals poses a formidable challenge. To delve into this issue, we incorporate a graded punishment strategy into a networked N-player trust game, aiming to observe the progression of trust-related behavior.

Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation modulates neurovascular coupling in mice under propofol anesthesia.

Background: Studies have reported that low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (LI-TUS) can modulate the emergence from anesthesia. Dynamic changes in neurovascular coupling during anesthesia continuously coordinate spatial cerebral blood flow. How LI-TUS modulates neurovascular coupling to alter anesthesia need to be elucidated.

Characterization of Metabolites and Transcriptome of Pepper Accessions from Four Southern Provinces of China.

Background/objectives: Pepper ( L.) is a widely grown vegetable and spice crop worldwide. This study aims to reveal the differences of metabolites among pepper accessions from different regions and explore candidate genes related to metabolites of pepper.

AI-enabled alkaline-resistant evolution of protein to apply in mass production.

Artificial intelligence (AI) models have been used to study the compositional regularities of proteins in nature, enabling it to assist in protein design to improve the efficiency of protein engineering and reduce manufacturing cost. However, in industrial settings, proteins are often required to work in extreme environments where they are relatively scarce or even non-existent in nature. Since such proteins are almost absent in the training datasets, it is uncertain whether AI model possesses the capability of evolving the protein to adapt extreme conditions.

Photothermal-assisted photocatalytic peroxydisulfate activation based on core-shell CuBiO@CuWS modulated by interfacial bonding and internal electric field.

The photothermal effect, interfacial bond and internal electric field can effectively regulate the charge transfer of the heterojunction, improving the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. Herein, we prepared the 1D/2D core-shell CuBiO@CuWS heterojunction with the photothermal effect of "1 + 1 > 2", which can effectively degrade tetracycline (TC) and levofloxacin (LVF) through the photothermal synergistic peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation femtosecond transient (fs-TAS) spectral and temperature control experiment analysis showed that the photothermal effect, S-Cu-O bonding and the internal electric field promoted the transport of photogenerated carriers.

A Predictive Model for Surgical Approach Selection in Robotic Partial Nephrectomy and Its Perioperative Outcomes Based on Single-Center Retrospective Data.

Objectives: To compare the perioperative and postoperative outcomes of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) and develop a prediction model for reference to select the approach.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our single-institutional RPN database. The patients were divided into training and validation sets.

Modified bFGF targeting connective tissue growth factor in the injured microenvironment improved cardiac repair after chronic myocardial ischemia.

Myocardial infarction (MI) was a cardiovascular emergency that led to heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was revealed to promote angiogenesis and protect cardiomyocytes against ischemic injury. But conventional delivery of bFGF in an uncontrolled manner was inefficient and diffusive, limiting its application in MI therapy.

New applications of clioquinol in the treatment of inflammation disease by directly targeting arginine 335 of NLRP3.

The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is essential in innate immune-mediated inflammation, with its overactivation implicated in various autoinflammatory, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 offers a promising treatment strategy for inflammatory conditions, although no medications targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome are currently available. This study demonstrates that clioquinol (CQ), a clinical drug with chelating properties, effectively inhibits NLRP3 activation, resulting in reduced cytokine secretion and cell pyroptosis in both human and mouse macrophages, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of 0.

Changing trends in human brucellosis in pastoral and agricultural China, 2004-2019: a Joinpoint regression analysis.

Background: The incidence of human brucellosis has risen sharply in China but little is known about trends in pastoral and agricultural areas respectively. This study aimed to analyze the annual and monthly incidence trends of human brucellosis in China from 2004 to 2019. It sought to identify factors contributing to higher incidence rates at specific times and to compare incidence trends across pastoral, agricultural/pastoral, and agricultural areas.

Risk factors for renal insufficiency and survival implications after radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy in renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus: a systematic review.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous tumor thrombus (VTT) is great burden over world. Radical nephrectomy (RN) with thrombectomy seems to be its gold standard operation, which might cause reduction of renal function. The aim of this systematic review was to provide evidence about the incidence, risk factors, possible reasons and influence of renal insufficiency in RCC patients undergoing RN with thrombectomy.

Global burden of chronic kidney disease due to dietary factors.

Background: We aimed to assess the global impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) attributable to dietary risk factors.

Methods: The research utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to evaluate age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) linked to CKD resulting from dietary risk factors.

Results: From 1990 to 2021, both the ASMR and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) for CKD attributable to dietary risk factors exhibited an overall increasing trend globally.

Formononetin ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome through suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disease accompanied by multiple clinical features, including anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology, leading to infertility. Formononetin (FMN), which is a major bioactive isoflavone compound in Astragalus membranaceus, exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether FMN is effective in the treatment of PCOS remains unknown.

Screening of Solvent Systems for Countercurrent Chromatography Separation of Polar Constituents from L. Seeds.

The separation of large polar constituents presents a substantial challenge in natural product research when employing column chromatography techniques, as the process is both complex and time-consuming. In this study, an acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran/di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid/aqueous saturated sodium chloride solvent system was developed and utilized for the countercurrent chromatography of polar constituents from L. seeds.

Saponins enhance the stability and cost-efficiency of human embryonic stem cell culture.

The cultivation and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into organoids are crucial for advancing of new drug development and personalized cell therapies. Despite establishing of chemically defined hESC culture media over the past decade, these media's reliance on growth factors, which are costly and prone to degradation, poses a challenge for sustained and stable cell culture. Here, we introduce an hESC culture system(E6Bs) that facilitates the long-term, genetically stable expansion of hESCs, enabling cells to consistently sustain high levels of pluripotency markers, including NANOG, SOX2, TRA-1-60, and SSEA4, across extended periods.

Mechanisms of apoptosis-related non-coding RNAs in ovarian cancer: a narrative review.

Ovarian cancer remains a major challenge in oncology due to its complex biology and late-stage diagnosis. Recent advances in molecular biology have highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating apoptosis and cancer progression. NcRNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have emerged as significant players in the molecular networks governing ovarian cancer.

MOF-derived intelligent arenobufagin nanocomposites with glucose metabolism inhibition for enhanced bioenergetic therapy and integrated photothermal-chemodynamic-chemotherapy.

Bioenergetic therapy based on tumor glucose metabolism is emerging as a promising therapeutic modality. To overcome the poor bioavailability and toxicity of arenobufagin (ArBu), a MOF-derived intelligent nanosystem, ZIAMH, was designed to facilitate energy deprivation by simultaneous interventions of glycolysis, OXPHOS and TCA cycle. Herein, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 was loaded with ArBu and indocyanine green, encapsulated within metal-phenolic networks for chemodynamic therapy and hyaluronic acid modification for tumor targeting.

Experience in laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration for super-elderly patients with choledocholithiasis-A 96-year-old case report.

Background: Super-elderly patients with choledocholithiasis are considered to be at high risk for undergoing surgery. While laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration (LTCBDE) is regarded as a challenging procedure for super-elderly patients with choledocholithiasis, there have been no reported cases of its use in super-elderly patients over the age of 96.

Case Summary: This case study presents the case of a 96-year-old female patient with acute calculous cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis.

Personalized Human Astrocyte-Derived Region-Specific Forebrain Organoids Recapitulate Endogenous Pathological Features of Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental malformation, the underlying mechanisms of which remain largely elusive. In this study, personalized dorsal and ventral forebrain organoids (DFOs/VFOs) are generated derived from brain astrocytes of patients with FCD type II (FCD II). The pathological features of dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells, and astrogliosis are successfully replicated in patient-derived DFOs, but not in VFOs.

Melatonin mitigates nickel oxide nanoparticles induced phytotoxicity in soybean by reducing metal accumulation, enhancing antioxidant defense and promoting nitrogen assimilation.

Heavy metals like nickel (Ni) from anthropogenic activities damage plant growth, posing challenges to agriculture. Melatonin (ME), a potent bio-regulator, has shown promise in alleviating stress induced by heavy metals. However, the mechanisms through which ME alleviates NiO-NPs phytotoxicity remain unclear.