Microplastics affect the nitrogen nutrition status of soybean by altering the nitrogen cycle in the rhizosphere soil.

Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in agricultural systems. However, studies on the comprehensive effects of MPs on nitrogen cycling in crop rhizosphere soil, and the changes this effect causes to crop growth is still limited. In this study, we investigated how three types of 5 % MPs (polystyrene, PS; polyethylene, PE; polyvinyl chloride, PVC) affect soybean growth by altering rhizosphere soil nitrogen cycling.

Spontaneous Abiotic Reduction of Arsenate to Arsenite Mediated by Structural Fe(II) Resulting from Abundant Oxygen Vacancy Clusters in Poorly Crystalline Ferrihydrite in Drought Environments.

The reduction of As(V) to As(III) has been proposed as an undesirable process, increasing the mobility and toxicity of arsenic. Although most studies revealed that As(V) reduction occurs in the aqueous phase, it remains unclear whether abiotic As(V) reduction driven by minerals in drought environments also exists. In this study, we examined the transformation of As(V) to As(III) mediated by ferrihydrite during drying processes using high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy analyses.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm-derived Pancreatic Cancer.

Summary Of Background Data: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)-derived pancreatic cancer is typically managed like pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN)-derived pancreatic cancer. However, in IPMN-derived pancreatic cancer, the role of chemotherapy remains controversial, particularly in the neoadjuvant setting (NAT).

Objective: To evaluate the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in IPMN-derived pancreatic cancer.

Unveiling the complexities of catheter-related thrombosis: risk factors, preventive strategies, and management.

Catheter-related deep venous thrombosis (CR-DVT) is a common complication of central venous catheters, however optimal prophylactic and treatment strategies have yet to be fully defined. While the use of anticoagulation for CR-DVT prophylaxis is not routinely recommended, current available data offer heterogeneous results due to small sample size, non-uniform study design, and varying comorbid conditions. Available guidelines for the treatment of CR-DVT generally recommend a limited duration of anticoagulation after catheter removal.

PpSPL1 and PpSPL15 inhibit peach branching by increasing strigolactone synthesis.

PpSPL1 and PpSPL15 inhibit peach branching by directly binding to and upregulating the expression of strigolactone (SL) synthesis gene PpLBO1. Branch number is a crucial agronomic trait that influences tree architecture, directly affecting fruit yield and quality. It remains unknown whether SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL), an important transcription factor in determining plant architecture, is involved in the peach branching process.

Enhancing T-Cell Infiltration and Immunity in Solid Tumors via DNA Nanolinker-Mediated Monocyte Hitchhiking.

Cytotoxic CD8 T cells are one of the most powerful effectors in the antitumor immune response. However, their insufficient tumor infiltration severely limits the clinical success of immunotherapy in solid tumors. In this work, by using amphiphilic aptamer-incorporated DNA tetrahedra (aptTDN) as the intercellular nanolinker, we developed a monocyte-hitchhiked T-cell delivery strategy to actively promote the intratumoral infiltration of effector CD8 T cells.

Advanced RPL19-TRAP-seq method reveals mechanism of action of bioactive compounds.

Natural products play a crucial role in new drug development, but their druggability is often limited by uncertain molecular targets and insufficient research on mechanisms of action. In this study, we developed a new RPL19-TRAP-seq method, combining CRISPR/Cas9 and TRAP technologies, to investigate these mechanisms. We identified and validated seven ribosomal large subunit surface proteins suitable for TRAP, selecting RPL19 for its high enrichment.

A deep-learning retinal aging biomarker for cognitive decline and incident dementia.

Introduction: The utility of retinal photography-derived aging biomarkers for predicting cognitive decline remains under-explored.

Methods: A memory-clinic cohort in Singapore was followed-up for 5 years. RetiPhenoAge, a retinal aging biomarker, was derived from retinal photographs using deep-learning.

Anode Alchemy on Multiscale: Engineering from Intrinsic Activity to Impedance Optimization for Efficient Water Electrolysis.

The past decade has seen significant progress in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE), but the growing demand for cost-effective electrolytic hydrogen pushes for higher efficiency at lower costs. As a complex system, the performance of PEMWE is governed by a combination of multiscale factors. This review summarizes the latest progress from quantum to macroscopic scales.

The structural protein VP3 of enterovirus D68 interacts with MAVS to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an emerging pathogen causing severe respiratory infections, and the immune evasion mediated by EV-D68 structural protein has been under discussion for several years. Our early research has identified that EV-D68 structural protein VP3 targets specifically the interferon regulatory factor 7 to inhibit type I interferon signaling, but not interferon regulatory factor 3, which is indispensable for mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-activated type I interferon signaling. Interestingly, in this study, we found that VP3 co-localizes and interacts with MAVS.

Wireless, Multisensor Integrated Bioelectronics for Real-Time Monitoring and Assessment of Muscle Atrophy.

Real-time monitoring and evaluation of muscle atrophy are vital for efficient treatment and effective diagnosis. Although some systems have been developed to monitor loss of muscle mass or strength, they are bulky and nonspecific, cannot be applied to the body, and cannot assess the degree of muscle atrophy. Our research focuses on developing a wireless multisensor wearable system (WMWS) for on-body monitoring and assessment of atrophy, which utilizes a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (S-TENG) and electrochemical creatinine (CREA) sensor to achieve real-time acquisition of plantar pressure and interstitial fluid (ISF) CREA concentration.

Pre-rounding in hospital medicine: a narrative review.

Pre-rounding in hospital medicine is the practice of having junior physicians in the medical team come to work early to pre-clerk new and existing patients in advance, in order to formulate preliminary management plans, draft rounding notes and prepare for ward round presentations when the attending consultant and senior members of the team arrive. While pre-rounding is part of a long-standing tradition in the United States hospital-based practice, its adoption has been highly heterogeneous across the world, due to controversy over its purported benefits in patient care and post-graduate training. In this article, we sought to review the relevant literature on pre-rounding in hospital medicine and examine its current role in postgraduate training and practice, specifically evaluating its clinical and pedagogical utility.

DNA aptamers targeting RNAP.

We present the first DNA aptamers designed to target the RNA polymerase (RNAP) of . Utilizing SELEX, we identified and examined aptamers, among which the R2 aptamer demonstrated high specificity and significant binding affinity for RNAP. R2 effectively captured RNAP, making it suitable for protein tandem purification and coating applications.

Epstein-Barr Virus Sequence Variations Among the Understudied Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients of Diverse Ancestries in Southeast Asia.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with cancers, including lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). To date, risk variants for NPC were mainly identified from Chinese populations, which dominated the world's total number of cases. Although Southeast Asia (SEA) countries have among the world's top yet intriguingly diverse NPC age-standardized incidence rates across subpopulations, data on EBV from SEA remains scarce.

Chinese Position Paper on Biologic Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.

Emerging biologics that selectively target key cytokines present a promising therapeutic alternative for patients suffering from severe, uncontrollable chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Despite the limited availability of registered biologics for CRSwNP treatment in China, the country is experiencing rapid development in this field. It is imperative to standardize the application of biologic agents in CRSwNP management in preparation for their future integration into the CRSwNP care pathway.

Optimized lipid nanoparticles enable effective CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in dendritic cells for enhanced immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary approach to treat immune-related diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in orchestrating immune responses, making them an attractive target for immunotherapeutic interventions. Modulation of gene expression in DCs using genome editing techniques, such as the CRISPR-Cas system, is important for regulating DC functions.

Body mass index is associated with the antidepressant effects of intravenous ketamine in patients with depression.

Objectives: We aimed to explore the correlation between baseline body mass index (BMI) and the antidepressant properties of intravenous ketamine in patients with depression.

Methods: We divided 135 patients diagnosed with either major depressive disorder (n=103) or bipolar depression (n=32) into lower and higher BMI groups based on their baseline BMI. Patients with a lower BMI (BMI<24 kg/m²; n=92) were included in the lower BMI group, and those with a higher BMI (BMI≥24 kg/m²; n=43) were assigned to the higher BMI group.

Association of prenatal trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms with neurodevelopment of children aged 0-24 months: A prospective study.

Background: Prenatal depression and anxiety can significantly impact a child's neurodevelopment. However, the specific timing and patterns of these maternal psychological symptoms during pregnancy that influence the child's neurodevelopment remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms across pregnancy trimesters and their trajectories with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children aged 0 to 24 months.

Efficacy of Selective Nerve Root Block for Different Types of Lumbar Disc Herniation: Study Protocol for a Single-Blind, Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common cause of low back pain and radiculopathy. Selective Nerve Root Block (SNRB) has been widely used as a treatment for LDH; however, its efficacy across different types of LDH remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of SNRB in treating various LDH subtypes, classified according to the Michigan State University (MSU) classification system, and to explore its potential as a safe and minimally invasive percutaneous treatment option.

Appendicular Perforation Caused by a Fishbone: A Case Report.

Foreign body ingestion is a common clinical occurrence, with most objects passing through the gastrointestinal tract uneventfully. However, sharp foreign bodies, such as fishbones, pose a significant risk for complications, including perforation and appendicitis. We present the case of a 48-year-old man who presented with a one-week history of progressively worsening lower abdominal and right lower quadrant pain.

VvARF19 represses VvLBD13-mediated cell wall degradation to delay softening of grape berries.

Fruit softening directly impacts its storage life, transportability, and customer acceptance. Auxin plays a key role during fruit ripening, but the underlying mechanisms of how auxin regulates fruit softening remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory roles of auxin on berry cell wall degradation during grape ( L.

Cortical Morphology Alterations Mediate the Relationship Between Glymphatic System Function and the Severity of Asthenopia.

: This study is aimed at assessing glymphatic function by diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) and its associations with cortical morphological changes and severity of accommodative asthenopia (AA). : We prospectively enrolled 50 patients with AA and 47 healthy controls (HCs). All participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and T1-weighted imaging and completed the asthenopia survey scale (ASS).

Disseminated Infection and Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy in a Patient With Activated PI3K Delta Syndrome 2.

Hyperammonemia syndrome (HS) from infection is typically reported in posttransplant recipients, particularly lung transplant. We describe a young woman with activated PI3K delta syndrome 2 who presented with HS from disseminated infection with septic arthritis. We also performed a literature review of -associated HS in nontransplant patients.

The conserved molecular mechanism of erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes rats and mice by cross-species transcriptomic comparisons.

Background: The poor clinical situation of type 2 diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction (T2DMED) creates an urgent need for new therapeutic targets.

Aim: To reveal the conserved molecular mechanism of T2DMED across species.

Methods: T2DMED rat and mouse models were constructed to extract mRNA from corpus cavernosum for high-throughput sequencing.