[The effect of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy on the indices of urinary enzymes in nephrolithiasis patients].

Immediate and long-term effects of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on urine enzymes were studied in 200 patients with nephrolithiasis (NL). The patients had abnormally high urine excretion of AP, GGT, APA, LDH and NAG, whereas aminotransferases excretion was low. Pathobiochemical and diagnostic implications of these findings are discussed.

[Change in biochemical and hemostatic indicators in guinea pigs upon administering Ebola virus preparations].

The biochemical and hemostatic parameters were compared in guinea pigs after inoculation of Ebola virus strains lethal and nonlethal for them and of inactivated antigen of this virus. The time course of the main hemostatic and biochemical parameters in animals challenged with the lethal strain of Ebola virus differed much from that in other groups. This permits us to hypothesize that modification of the virus in the course of adaptation to the host results in the appearance of properties boosting the enzymatic processes and, hence, in depletion and failure of antioxidant and hemostatic defence, which aggravates the pathological process.

[Relationship between the level of specific antibodies with disease outcome in Cercopithecus aethiops monkeys in experimental Marburg disease].

The level of specific antibodies in the blood of Cercopithecus aethiops monkeys with experimental Marburg hemorrhagic fever appreciably affects the incidence of lethal outcomes in immunized animals infected with Marburg virus. This effect manifests starting from the titers as low as just 1:100. The level of humoral immunity with the specific antibody titer of at least 1:100 depends on the method of antigen preparation.

[Use of micronucleus tests for screening mutagens and carcinogens].

The induction of micronuclei was studied in the cells of various organs in mice and rats via gavage of 7 carcinogens. It was found that only had cyclophosphamide a pronounced cytogenetic effect in bone marrow cells whereas the others were effective in the cells of other organs (different portions of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, lung). There was a good correlation of organ specificity of the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of the chemicals.

[Respiratory aid to patients with severe forms of suppurative meningitis].

The severity of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with purulent meningitis (PM) depends on the severity of consciousness disorders. ARF is most expressed in comatose patients, whereas in PM involving no consciousness disorders there were no changes of the gaseous composition of the blood or acid-base status. After forced ventilation of the lungs is started, gaseous composition of the blood normalizes.

[The diagnostic significance of enzymuria in assessing kidney function in patients with urolithiasis].

Urinary levels of L-, Y-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, L-leucine arylaminidase, lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucose aminidase, pseudocholine esterase, neutral L-glucosidase were examined in 76 urolithiasis patients. The activity of the above enzymes was found enhanced. This may be due to dysfunction of the tubular system.

[Prediction of the epidemiological efficiency rate of preventive antiviral drugs from laboratory findings].

Based on the dose-response dependence represented as a generating distribution function of infecting doses of a pathogen, a value for the epidemiological efficiency rate of preventive agents was derived. For an arbitrary distribution of infecting doses, EEC mean values is shown to always no greater than 1: ED50v/ED50w where ED50v and ED50w are 50% of the infective doses of the pathogen assessed for those treated with the agent and intact persons, respectively. This relation is also valid when differences in pathogenic resistance are determined not only due to the use of drugs, but for any other variables (age-, sex-specific and other factors).

[Lipid contents in blood of healthy subjects and patients with peptic ulcer during regular motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract].

The concentrations of total cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, and triglycerides were measured three times in 20 to 65 min in venous blood of 45 men (8 normal and 37 patients with peptic ulcer). Lipid concentration in the blood was shown to vary within a wide range in just few minutes, particularly so in normal subjects. In some cases the maximal values surpassed the minimal ones twofold and even more.

[The production of erythrogenic toxin and the epidemic process in respiratory streptococcal infection].

The capacity of Streptococcus pyogenes, isolated from clinically healthy children in a large organized group, for producing erythrogenic toxin A, B and C was studied. The dynamics of toxin production was compared with changes in the levels of morbidity and carrier state, as well as with some characteristics of the interaction between the populations of the infective agent and the host by such values as virulence and susceptibility. Similarity in the dynamics of the parameters under study was noted.

[Changes in alkaline phosphatase activity and blood phosphorus levels in healthy persons and patients with peptic ulcer].

Venous blood total phosphatase activity, its thermostable fraction, and inorganic phosphorus levels were measured thrice within 20-64 min in the course of registration of regular motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract in 38 men aged 18 to 57 (9 healthy and 29 with peptic ulcer). These parameters changed within a wide range over the mentioned period; besides, they depended on the individual features of the organism. Using the chi 2 test at the 5% significance level the authors have demonstrated that total blood alkaline phosphatase activity is increased by the end of a regular cycle in the gastroduodenal system.

[Effect of H-ATPase stimulators on cyclosporin biosynthesis].

An analogy was observed between the mechanisms of action of phytohormones on plant cells and cells of the fungus producing cyclosporine. Fusicoccin and cytokinin were shown to have a high stimulating action on the biosynthesis of cyclosporine. The stimulating concentrations of the phytohormones and the time of their maximum effect were determined.

[Experimental epidural and conduction anesthesia with azacaine].

Experimental studies were undertaken to examine azacaine used in mice during conduction anesthesia and in rabbits during epidural anesthesia in 0.75, 2 and 0.75, 1% solutions, respectively.

[Theoretical approaches to the evaluation of antiviral drug effectiveness].

It is suggested that (a) LD50 is the measure of the efficacy of antiviral drugs: (b) a disease is characterized by the "barrier" type of a pathological process when in pathogenesis there exists an event whose manifestation largely determines the outcome of a disease (recovery/severe form with a fatal outcome). If the event consists in the penetration of a pathogen into a susceptible cell and the consequent reproduction of an antigen, the value LD50 for man is expressed as the same parameter for a model animal and as the parameters determined by in vitro human and animal cell experiments. The parameters include the degree of viral production adsorption on the cell and the levels of its reproduction.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of streptococci of the A, B, C and G serogroups isolated in 1987-1990].

Antibiotic susceptibility of 1114 cultures of beta-hemolytic streptococci belonging to serogroups A, B, C and G was tested. The cultures were isolated from healthy and diseased children and adults. Group A, C and G streptococci were shown to be highly susceptible to beta-lactams, erythromycin, lincomycin, chloramphenicol and ristomycin.

[The stimulation of crystalline lens regeneration in adult tritons].

The lens removal from the newt eye stimulates regeneration of the latter from the dorsal iris cells. We have undertaken an attempt to stimulate lens regeneration from teh ventral iris pigmented cells by growth factors: basic and acidic forms of the fibroblast growth factor and the epidermal growth factor. In the presence of the growth factors, the mitotic activity of the ventral iris cells increased 1.

[Prostaglandin E in acute viral hepatitis].

Prostaglandin E levels were measured in the blood of 47 patients with acute viral hepatitis B (VHB), 17 patients with viral hepatitis A (VHA) and 15 healthy donors. Radioimmunoassay determined HBsAg concentrations in VHB patients' serum. Compared to the donors, prostaglandin E levels lowered significantly in VHB, but insignificantly in VHA.

[Obtaining liposomal preparations of various biologically active substances by the method of detergent flow analysis].

It was shown that detergent dialysis could be successfully used for liposomal encapsulation of substances belonging to different chemical groups with diverse therapeutic activity such as rifampicin, aclarubicin, amphotericin B, pefloxacin and insulin. Liposome encapsulation of substances poorly soluble or insoluble in aqueous media was likely the most promising. The optimal incorporation depended on both the composition of the lipids forming the liposomes and the properties of the compounds being encapsulated.

[Characteristics of obtaining protoplasts from 2 strains of Tolypocladium inflatum subsp. Blastosporum].

The optimal conditions for preparing protoplasts with high yields by using the cells of two (low and high potent) isogenic cyclosporine-producing Tolypocladium strains were developed. A specific medium containing 0.5 per cent yeast autolysate (by dry weight) and 3 per cent glucose was used.

[Ultrastructure of liposomes (interliposomal bonds)].

Interliposomal bonds (ILBS) analogous to intercellular bonds (ICBs) in microbial cultures were detected by electron microscopy in the liposomal materials obtained after encapsulation of substances of various chemical structure. Possible nonspecific formation of the bonds between biological membrane-limited objects (ILBs and ICBs) was suggested and formation of such bonds in liposome encapsulated drugs was believed to be of importance.