Effects of Chitosan and -Succinyl Chitosan on Metabolic Disorders Caused by Oral Administration of Olanzapine in Mice.

Background: The issue of human mental health is gaining more and more attention nowadays. However, most mental disorders are treated with antipsychotic drugs that cause weight gain and metabolic disorders, which include olanzapine (OLZ). The search for and development of natural compounds for the prevention of obesity when taking antipsychotic drugs is an urgent task.

The Effect of Acetic Acid as a Solvent on the Structure and Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-Based Dried Gels.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a microbially derived polyhydroxyalkanoate that is widely used in biomedical applications. In this study, we investigated the use of acetic acid (aa) as an alternative environmentally friendly solvent for the preparation of gels from PHB (PHB aa) and compared their characteristics with PHB products dissolved in chloroform (PHB chl) using such methods as DSC, FTIR, SEM, rheometry, biodegradation, and cytocompatibility assay. A slight decrease in the degree of the crystallinity of the PHB from 61% to 50.

Osteogenic Potential and Long-Term Enzymatic Biodegradation of PHB-based Scaffolds with Composite Magnetic Nanofillers in a Magnetic Field.

Millions of people worldwide suffer from musculoskeletal damage, thus using the largest proportion of rehabilitation services. The limited self-regenerative capacity of bone and cartilage tissues necessitates the development of functional biomaterials. Magnetoactive materials are a promising solution due to clinical safety and deep tissue penetration of magnetic fields (MFs) without attenuation and tissue heating.

Evaluation of Chemical and Biological Properties of Biodegradable Composites Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Chitosan.

In this study, composite films and scaffolds of polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and polysaccharide chitosan obtained via a simple and reproducible blending method using acetic acid as a solvent were considered. The degradation process of the films was studied gravimetrically in a model biological medium in the presence of enzymes in vitro for 180 days. The kinetics of weight reduction depended on the amount of chitosan in the composition.

Adhesion of and to Films and Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds from Composites of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) with Magnetic Nanoparticles in a Low-Frequency Magnetic Field.

The ability of materials to adhere bacteria on their surface is one of the most important aspects of their development and application in bioengineering. In this work, the effect of the properties of films and electrospun scaffolds made of composite materials based on biosynthetic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with the addition of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) and their complex with graphene oxide (MNP/GO) on the adhesion of and under the influence of a low-frequency magnetic field and without it was investigated. The physicochemical properties (crystallinity; surface hydrophilicity) of the materials were investigated by X-ray structural analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and "drop deposition" methods, and their surface topography was studied by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy.

Preparation and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/chitosan composite films using acetic acid as a solvent.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and chitosan are among the most widely used polymers for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, renewability and low toxicity. The creation of composite materials based on biopolymers belonging to different classes makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages of each of the components and to obtain a material with specific properties. Solving this problem is associated with difficulties in the selection of conditions and solvents for obtaining the composite material.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 3D-Scaffold-Conduit for Guided Tissue Sprouting.

Scaffold biocompatibility remains an urgent problem in tissue engineering. An especially interesting problem is guided cell intergrowth and tissue sprouting using a porous scaffold with a special design. Two types of structures were obtained from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) using a salt leaching technique.

Biocomposite Materials Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Chitosan: A Review.

One of the important directions in the development of modern medical devices is the search and creation of new materials, both synthetic and natural, which can be more effective in their properties than previously used materials. Traditional materials such as metals, ceramics, and synthetic polymers used in medicine have certain drawbacks, such as insufficient biocompatibility and the emergence of an immune response from the body. Natural biopolymers have found applications in various fields of biology and medicine because they demonstrate a wide range of biological activity, biodegradability, and accessibility.

Electrospun Magnetic Composite Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Magnetite Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications: Composition, Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Biological Performance.

Magnetically responsive composite polymer scaffolds have good potential for a variety of biomedical applications. In this work, electrospun composite scaffolds made of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and magnetite (FeO) particles (MPs) were studied before and after degradation in either PBS or a lipase solution. MPs of different sizes with high saturation magnetization were synthesized by the coprecipitation method followed by coating with citric acid (CA).

Competitive Biosynthesis of Bacterial Alginate Using 12 for Tissue Engineering Applications.

This study investigated the effect of various cultivation conditions (sucrose/phosphate concentrations, aeration level) on alginate biosynthesis using the bacterial producing strain 12 by the full factorial design (FFD) method and physicochemical properties (e.g., rheological properties) of the produced bacterial alginate.

Collagen/Chitosan Gels Cross-Linked with Genipin for Wound Healing in Mice with Induced Diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus continues to be one of the most common diseases often associated with diabetic ulcers. Chitosan is an attractive biopolymer for wound healing due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, mucoadhesiveness, low toxicity, and hemostatic effect. A panel of hydrogels based on chitosan, collagen, and silver nanoparticels were produced to treat diabetic wounds.

Growth of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Scaffolds Loaded with Simvastatin.

We studied the effect of porous composite scaffolds based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) loaded with simvastatin on the growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The scaffolds have a suitable microstructure (porosity and pore size) and physicochemical properties to support the growth of mesenchymal stem cells. Scaffold loading with simvastatin suppressed cell growth and increased alkaline phosphatase activity, which can attest to their osteoinductive properties.

The Growth of 3T3 Fibroblasts on PHB, PLA and PHB/PLA Blend Films at Different Stages of Their Biodegradation In Vitro.

Over the past century there was a significant development and extensive application of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers for their biomedical applications. This research investigates the dynamic change in properties of biodegradable polymers: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), poly-l-lactide (PLA), and their 50:50 blend (PHB/PLA)) during their hydrolytic non-enzymatic (in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), at pH = 7.4, 37 °C) and enzymatic degradation (in PBS supplemented with 0.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/hydroxyapatite/alginate scaffolds seeded with mesenchymal stem cells enhance the regeneration of critical-sized bone defect.

A critical-sized calvarial defect in rats is employed to reveal the osteoinductive properties of biomaterials. In this study, we investigate the osteogenic efficiency of hybrid scaffolds based on composites of a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with hydroxyapatite (HA) filled with alginate (ALG) hydrogel containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the regeneration of the critical-sized radial defect of the parietal bone in rats. The scaffolds based on PHB and PHB/HA with desired shapes were prepared by two-stage salt leaching technique using a mold obtained by three-dimensional printing.

Physicochemical and biological characteristics of chitosan/κ-carrageenan thin layer-by-layer films for surface modification of nitinol.

Thin films based on the natural polysaccharides κ-carrageenan (Carr) and chitosan (Chit) were formed by layer-by-layer deposition technique. Surface topography and mechanical characteristics (Young's modulus, adhesion strength) of the polymer films with different number of layers were determined using various modes of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Polymer films were used to deposit on the surface of nitinol (NiTi) plates.

Comparative Structure-Property Characterization of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)s Films under Hydrolytic and Enzymatic Degradation: Finding a Transition Point in 3-Hydroxyvalerate Content.

The hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of polymer films of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) of different molecular mass and its copolymers with 3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) of different 3-hydroxyvalerate (3-HV) content and molecular mass, 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate (PHB4MV), and polyethylene glycol (PHBV-PEG) produced by the by controlled biosynthesis technique were studied under in vitro model conditions. The changes in the physicochemical properties of the polymers during their in vitro degradation in the pancreatic lipase solution and in phosphate-buffered saline for a long time (183 days) were investigated using different analytical techniques. A mathematical model was used to analyze the kinetics of hydrolytic degradation of poly(3-hydroxyaklannoate)s by not autocatalytic and autocatalytic hydrolysis mechanisms.

The role of vimentin in directional migration of rat fibroblasts.

Cell migration is one of the most important processes in which the cytoskeleton plays a main role. The cytoskeleton network is formed by tubulin microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments (IFs). While the structure and functions of the two aforementioned proteins have been extensively investigated during the last decades, vimentin IFs structure and their role in cell migration and adhesion remain unclear.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(ethylene glycol) scaffolds with different microstructure: the effect on growth of mesenchymal stem cells.

Development of biocompatible 3D scaffolds is one of the most important challenges in tissue engineering. In this study, we developed polymer scaffolds of different design and microstructure to study cell growth in them. To obtain scaffolds of various microstructure, e.

Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate) by Strain Azotobacter chroococcum 7B.

Production of novel polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications, and biomaterials based on them is a promising trend in modern bioengineering. We studied the ability of an effective strain-producer 7B to synthesize not only poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) homopolymer (PHB) and its main copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), but also a novel copolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate) (PHB4MV). For the biosynthesis of PHB copolymers, we used carboxylic acids as additional carbon sources and monomer precursors in the chain of synthesized copolymers.

Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) copolymers by Azotobacter chroococcum 7B: A precursor feeding strategy.

A precursor feeding strategy for effective biopolymer producer strain Azotobacter chroococcum 7B was used to synthesize various poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) copolymers. We performed experiments on biosynthesis of PHB copolymers by A. chroococcum 7B using various precursors: sucrose as the primary carbon source, various carboxylic acids and ethylene glycol (EG) derivatives [diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 300, PEG 400, PEG 1000] as additional carbon sources.