Distinctive role of mutations in distant metastatic thyroid cancer.

Objective: This study investigated the clinical significance of mutations in patients with distant metastatic follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer (FDTC).

Methods: This study included 310 Chinese patients with distant metastatic FDTC. We analyzed the interactions between mutations and other gene alterations and compared the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) mutations (n=9), other gene alterations (n=253), and no gene alterations (n=37).

Prognostic value of postoperative anti-thyroglobulin antibody in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Purpose: Postoperative thyroglobulin (Tg) generally serves as a biomarker to monitor the recurrence or persistence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), whereas it constrains to interference from anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). This study aimed to determine the value of postoperative TgAb as a surrogate for monitoring tumor status in DTCs with positive TgAb after successful radioactive iodine (RAI) remnant ablation.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled DTC patients with positive (≥40 IU/mL, Roche) postoperative TgAb measurements.

Risk stratification for radioactive iodine refractoriness using molecular alterations in distant metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer.

Objective: Patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC) are often diagnosed with delay and constrained to limited treatment options. The correlation between RAI refractoriness and the underlying genetic characteristics has not been extensively studied.

Methods: Adult patients with distant metastatic DTC were enrolled and assigned to undergo next-generation sequencing of a customized 26-gene panel (ThyroLead).

Early Structural, Biochemical, and Metabolic Responses to Anlotinib in Patients With Progressive Radioactive Iodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: We aimed to assess the early efficacy of anlotinib in patients with progressive radioactive iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer at the structural, biochemical, and metabolic levels.

Methods: Ten eligible patients were prospectively enrolled to receive anlotinib. Their responses were assessed at 6 weeks.

AEBP1 promotes papillary thyroid cancer progression by activating BMP4 signaling.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent endocrine cancer worldwide. Approximately 30 % of PTC patients will progress into the advanced or metastatic stage and have a relatively poor prognosis. It is well known that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in thyroid cancer metastasis, resistance to therapy, and recurrence.

Characterizing Genetic Alterations Related to Radioiodine Avidity in Metastatic Thyroid Cancer.

Context: Patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with distant metastasis (DM) are usually not recognized as radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory DTC in a timely manner. The elucidation of genetic features related to RAI uptake patterns may shed light on the early recognition of RAI-refractory DTC.

Objective: This work aimed to elucidate the underlying molecular features behind different RAI uptake patterns.

Fusion Oncogenes in Patients With Locally Advanced or Distant Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Context: Fusion oncogenes are involved in the underlying pathology of advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), and even the cause of radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractoriness.

Objective: We aimed to investigation between fusion oncogenes and clinicopathological characteristics involving a large-scale cohort of patients with advanced DTC.

Methods: We collected 278 tumor samples from patients with locally advanced (N1b or T4) or distant metastatic DTC.

Identification and Validation of a Prognostic Signature Based on Methylation Profiles and Methylation-Driven Gene as a Prognostic Biomarker in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

Recurrence is the major death cause of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), and a better understanding of recurrence risk at early stage may lead to make the optimal medical decision to improve patients' prognosis. The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification system primary based on clinic-pathologic features is the most commonly used to describe the initial risk of persistent/recurrent disease. Besides, multiple prognostics models based on multigenes expression profiles have been developed to predict the recurrence risk of DTC patients.

A user-friendly nomogram for predicting radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer.

Background: The diagnosis of radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC) is primarily based on clinical evolution and iodine uptake over the lesions, which is still time-consuming, thus urging a predictive model for timely RAIR-DTC informing. The aim of this study was to develop a nomogram model for RAIR prediction among DTC patients with distant metastases (DM).

Methods: Data were extracted from the treatment and follow-up databases of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2010 and 2021.

Response to Surgery Assessments for Sparing Radioiodine Remnant Ablation in Intermediate-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Context: Using response to surgery when tailoring radioiodine (RAI) therapy for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is valued but lacks prospective validation.

Objective: To spare RAI thyroid remnant ablation among patients with intermediate-risk PTCs using 3-tiered assessments with response to surgery highlighted, in addition to the risk of the recurrence stratification and TNM staging.

Methods: Patients with no evidence of disease (NED) identified as excellent response (ER) or indeterminate response (IDR) to surgery were spared from RAI thyroid remnant ablation after informed consent and prospectively enrolled under active surveillance.

Response to apatinib and camrelizumab combined treatment in a radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer patient resistant to prior anti-angiogenic therapy: A case report and literature review.

Background: Patients with radioactive iodine refractory progressive (RAIR) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) often developed resistance after first-line therapy. Apatinib plus camrelizumab is a therapy with promising efficacy in patients with other malignant cancers. Herein, we presented a case of progressive RAIR DTC treated with apatinib plus camrelizumab.

Novel recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone in aiding postoperative assessment of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer-phase I/II study.

Purpose: Thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) inevitably induced hypothyroidism in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), and we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH, ZGrhTSH) as an alternative of THW in China.

Methods: Totally, 64 DTC patients were enrolled with 24 in the dose-escalation cohort equally grouped into 0.9 mg × 1 day, 0.

Effect of BRAF and TERT Promoter Mutations on Thyroglobulin Response in Patients With Distant-Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: To assess the impact of serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf (BRAF) V600E and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations in patients with distant-metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DM-DTC) based on thyroglobulin (Tg) response to radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy.

Methods: The BRAF and TERT mutations in primary tumors or metastatic lymph nodes of 114 patients with DM-DTC were retrospectively examined. RAI avidity was evaluated using a posttreatment iodine-131 whole-body scan.

Identification of Radioactive Iodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Most differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients have an excellent prognosis. However, about one-third of DTC patients with recurrent or metastatic disease lose the hallmark of specific iodine uptake initially or gradually and acquire radioactive iodine-refractory DTC (RAIR-DTC) with poor prognosis. Due to the potentially severe complications from unnecessarily repeated RAI therapy and encouraging progress of multiple targeted drugs for advanced RAIR-DTC patients, it has become crucial to identify RAIR-DTC early.