Trash into Treasure: Nano-coating of Catheter Utilizes Urine to Deprive HS Against Persister and Rip Biofilm Matrix.

Bacteria-derived hydrogen sulfide (HS) often contributes to the emergence of antibiotic-recalcitrant bacteria, especially persister (a sub-population of dormant bacteria), thus causing the treatment failure of Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Here, an HS harvester nanosystem to prevent the generation of persister bacteria and disrupt the dense biofilm matrix by the self-adaptive ability of shape-morphing is prepared. The nanosystem possesses a core-shell structure that is composed of liquid metal nanoparticle (LM NP), AgNPs, and immobilized urease.

Effect of amylose partial extraction on citrate esterification of potato starch and its role in structure and physicochemical modification.

This study examines the impact and influence of amylose on the starch esterification reaction through partial extraction of amylose. Citric acid was added for the esterification reaction, and then the esterified starches' multiscale structure, physicochemical, and functional properties were evaluated. As the extraction time of amylose increased, the amylose content in the starch decreased.

Comparison of Different Machine Learning Algorithms for the Prediction of the Wheat Grain Filling Stage Using RGB Images.

Unlabelled: Grain filling is essential for wheat yield formation, but is very susceptible to environmental stresses, such as high temperatures, especially in the context of global climate change. Grain RGB images include rich color, shape, and texture information, which can explicitly reveal the dynamics of grain filling. However, it is still challenging to further quantitatively predict the days after anthesis (DAA) from grain RGB images to monitor grain development.

Spotlight on the Multiscale Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Red Adzuki Bean Starch through Partial Amylose Removal Combined with Hydrochloric Acid.

To explore the effect of amylose within starch granules on the efficiency of starch hydrolysis by acid, we chose the warm water extraction method to treat red adzuki bean starch to obtain different degrees of amylose removal granule models and to prepare samples in combination with acid hydrolysis. The amylose content was reduced after acid hydrolysis, reducing the peak viscosity (2599-1049 cP), while the solubility was significantly increased. In contrast, the short-chain content of the deamylose-acid hydrolysis samples was reduced considerably, exacerbating the trend towards reduced starch orderliness and increased solubility.

Structural, rheological, pasting, and digestive properties of wheat A-starch: Effect of outshell removal combined with annealing.

Wheat A- starch was subjected to single and combined CaCl and annealing (ANN) treatments. The influence of the treatment on wheat A- starch's structural, rheological, pasting, and digestive characteristics were studied. The results indicated that the application of CaCl treatment caused the removal of the outer layer of wheat A-starch, disrupted the integrity of the growth ring structure, and lowered the molecular weight of amylopectin and relative crystallinity.

DNA methylation levels of TaP5CS and TaBADH are associated with enhanced tolerance to PEG-induced drought stress triggered by drought priming in wheat.

Drought priming is a promising strategy to enhance tolerance to recurred drought in wheat. However, the underlying mechanisms of priming-induced tolerance are far from clear. Here, three different priming intensities (P1D, P2D, P3D) and two varieties with different sensitivities to drought priming were used to investigate the effects and mechanisms of drought priming.

Drought priming mechanisms in wheat elucidated by determination of dynamic stomatal behavior.

Stomata play a critical role in balancing photosynthesis and transpiration, which are essential processes for plant growth, especially in response to abiotic stress. Drought priming has been shown to improve drought tolerance. Lots of studies have been done with the response of stomatal behavior to drought stress.

Pheophorbide-a as a Light-Triggered Liposomal Switch: For the Controlled Release of () Essential Oil and Its Stability, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity Assessment.

In this study, essential oil liposomes (EO-Lip) were prepared with soybean lecithin and cholesterol as wall materials. A light-responsive liposome (EO-PLip) was designed for the controlled release of oil based on the light-responsive properties of Pheophorbide-a. The dependence of Pheophorbide-a on illumination time was proved by UV spectroscopy.

Investigating the effects of pre- and post-electron beam treatment on the multiscale structure and physicochemical properties of dry-heated buckwheat starch.

This study presents the effects of dry heat (DH) assisted by pre-and post-electron beam (EB) treatment on buckwheat starch's multiscale structural, physicochemical, and digestive properties. The granule integrity and crystal shape were not affected by the investigated treatments. However, DH and EB treatments decreased amylose content, crystallinity, molecular weight, swelling power, thermal transition temperatures and gelatinization enthalpy while increasing solubility and the content of A chain, B1 chain, and resistant starch.

Understanding how electron beam irradiation doses and frequencies modify the multiscale structure, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestibility of potato starch.

To optimize the properties of native potato starch and to broaden its application in the food field, it was treated by electron beam irradiation (EBI) with different irradiation doses (6, 12, and 24 kGy) and frequencies (1, 2, 4, and 8 times), and the effects on the multi-scale structure, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestibility were investigated. The results indicate that the increased dose aggravates starch degradation, generating more short chains and fragments, and reducing molecular weight, viscosity, and swelling power. Also, the higher dose facilitated the relative crystallinity, enhancing the ΔH and improving the RS content of potato starch.

Effects of various microwave intensities collaborated with different cold plasma duration time on structural, physicochemical, and digestive properties of lotus root starch.

Lotus root starch was treated with single and combined microwave (300 and 700 W) and cold plasma (60, 90, and 120 s) treatments. Effects of treatments on multi-structural, physicochemical, and digestive properties of lotus root starch were investigated. The results revealed that a combination of cold plasma and microwave treatments significantly affected the morphology of starch granules and reduced the relative crystallinity of starch compared with a single treatment.

Electron beam irradiation application for improving the multiscale structure and enhancing physicochemical and digestive properties of acetylated naked barley.

The study used electron beam (EB) irradiation pretreatment to prepare acetylated (AC) naked barley starch. EB pretreatment enhanced the degree of substitution in acetylation from 0.027 to 0.

Lutein encapsulated in whey protein and citric acid potato starch ester: Construction and characterization of microcapsules.

The poor water solubility and stability of lutein limit its application in industry. Microencapsulation technology is an excellent strategy to solve these problems. This study used citric acid esterified potato starch and whey protein as an emulsifier to prepare oil-in-water lutein emulsion, and microcapsules were constructed by spray drying technology.

Assessment of fresh Alpinia galanga (A. galanga) drying techniques for the chemical composition of essential oil and its antioxidant and biological activity.

This study evaluated drying characteristics, structure and essential oil chemical composition, and biological activity of A. galanga by hot air drying (HAD), vacuum drying (VD), freeze drying (FD). The results showed that HAD had the shortest drying time while FD could better maintain the microstructure and showed a higher essential oil yield than HAD and VD.

Effects of ultra-high pressure combined with cold plasma on structural, physicochemical, and digestive properties of proso millet starch.

In this study, proso millet starch was isolated and subjected to treatment with ultra-high pressure (UHP), cold plasma (CP), or their combination to modify its functional properties. The changes in structural, physicochemical, and digestive properties of proso millet starch after these treatments were investigated. The proso millet native starch granules showed irregular and polygonal shapes with a smooth surface.

Simultaneous Prediction of Wheat Yield and Grain Protein Content Using Multitask Deep Learning from Time-Series Proximal Sensing.

Wheat yield and grain protein content (GPC) are two main optimization targets for breeding and cultivation. Remote sensing provides nondestructive and early predictions of yield and GPC, respectively. However, whether it is possible to simultaneously predict yield and GPC in one model and the accuracy and influencing factors are still unclear.

Fabrication and Characterization of Whey Protein-Citrate Mung Bean Starch-Capsaicin Microcapsules by Spray Drying with Improved Stability and Solubility.

Capsaicin was microencapsulated in six different wall systems by spray drying whey protein and citrate mung bean starch at various ratios (10:0, 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 1:9, 0:10) to improve its stability and water solubility and reduce its pungency. The morphological, rheological, storage stability, and physicochemical properties of capsaicin emulsion and capsaicin microcapsules were characterized. As a result, the yield of six capsaicin microcapsules was 19.

Sodium Caseinate and Acetylated Mung Bean Starch for the Encapsulation of Lutein: Enhanced Solubility and Stability of Lutein.

Lutein is a kind of vital carotenoid with high safety and significant advantages in biological functions. However, poor water solubility and stability of lutein have limited its application. This study selected different weight ratios of sodium caseinate to acetylated mung bean starch (10:0, 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 1:9, and 0:10) to prepare lutein emulsions, and the microcapsules were produced by spray drying technology.

An Integrated Method for Tracking and Monitoring Stomata Dynamics from Microscope Videos.

Patchy stomata are a common and characteristic phenomenon in plants. Understanding and studying the regulation mechanism of patchy stomata are of great significance to further supplement and improve the stomatal theory. Currently, the common methods for stomatal behavior observation are based on static images, which makes it difficult to reflect dynamic changes of stomata.

The use of berberine for women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing IVF treatment.

Objective: Previous studies have indicated that berberine is an effective insulin sensitizer with comparable activity to metformin (Diabetes 2006, 55, 2256). Reduced insulin sensitivity is reportedly a factor adversely affecting the outcome of IVF in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (Human Reproduction 2006, 21, 1416). Our objective was to evaluate the clinical, metabolic and endocrine effects of berberine vs metformin in PCOS women scheduled for IVF treatment and to explore the potential benefits to the IVF process.

Relationship between psychological stress and reproductive outcome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment: psychological and neurohormonal assessment.

Purpose: To evaluate whether psychological stress, as well as changes in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) at different time points during a first in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle, correlates with the reproductive outcome.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 264 women undergoing IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment between January 2009 and March 2010. Standardized psychological questionnaires were used to assess anxiety and depression.