A Big Data and FRAM-Based Model for Epidemic Risk Analysis of Infectious Diseases.

Purpose: The use of multi-source precursor data to predict the epidemic risk level would aid in the early and timely identification of the epidemic risk of infectious diseases. To achieve this, a new comprehensive big data fusion assessment method must be developed.

Methods: With the help of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) model, this paper proposes a risk portrait for the whole process of a pandemic spreading.

Impact of epidemic prevention policies on public vaccination willingness: empirical research in China.

Background: The sudden emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 posed an enormous threat to public health. Vaccination is currently recognized as the most cost-effective preventive and control measure against the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide and is the key to constructing a line of defense against the virus, while the epidemic prevention policies adopted by governments have an important impact on the protective behavior of the public. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanism by which the stringency of epidemic prevention policies affects public vaccination willingness and to explore the mediating effect of public risk perception.

Simultaneous production of furfural, lignin and cellulose-rich residue from Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis by ChCl/1,2-propanediol/MIBK biphasic system pretreatment.

A facile biphasic system composed of choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) was developed to realize the furfural production, lignin separation and preparation of fermentable glucose from Eucalyptus in one-pot. Results showed that the ChCl/1,2-propanediol/MIBK system owned the best property to convert hemicelluloses into furfural. Under the optimal conditions (MR = 1:2, raw materials:DES:MIBK ratio = 1:4:8 g/g/mL, 0.

Research on the Regulatory Mechanism of Ginseng on the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer based on Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Validation.

Background: A network pharmacology study on the biological action of ginseng in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) by regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Objectives: To investigate the potential mechanism of action of ginseng in the treatment of CRC by regulating TME.

Methods: This research employed network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques, and bioinformatics validation.

Biomass to Aromatic Amine Module: Alkali Catalytic Conversion of N-Acetylglucosamine into Unsubstituted 3-Acetamidofuran by Retro-Aldol Condensation.

Aminofurans are widely used in drug synthesis as aromatic modules analogous to aniline. However, unsubstituted aminofuran compounds are difficult to prepare. In this study, a process for the selective conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) into unsubstituted 3-acetamidofuran (3AF) is developed.

Microwave-assisted choline chloride/1,2-propanediol/methyl isobutyl ketone biphasic system for one-pot fractionation and valorization of Eucalyptus biomass.

The developing of pretreatment method to break the biomass barrier of lignocellulosic is a challenging task for achieve high value utilization. A fast microwave-assisted choline chloride/1,2-propanediol/methyl isobutyl ketone biphasic system was constructed for pretreating Eucalyptus to the production of furfural and cellulose-rich residues and the extraction of lignin. Results showed that the combination of AlCl·6HO and HCl had the best catalytic ability for furfural production among the examined catalysts.

Systemic Therapy Combined with Locoregional Therapy Improved Survival in Oligometastatic Breast Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

The optimal therapeutic options, adding locoregional therapy (LRT) to systemic therapy (ST) or not, for patients with oligometastatic breast cancer (OMBC) have not been fully elucidated. Hence, we designed a retrospective observational study which enrolled patients with measurable extracranial OMBC having less than 5 metastatic lesions not necessarily in the same organ. We retrospectively reviewed a total of 199 patients diagnosed with extracranial OMBC, including 28 receiving ST followed by LRT (ST to LRT group), 44 receiving LRT followed by ST (LRT to ST group), and 127 receiving ST alone (ST alone group).

Empirical Analysis of the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Urban Embedded Social Networks.

Background: Due to the continual recurrence of COVID-19 in urban areas, it is important to know more about the evolution of the epidemic within this setting to mitigate the risk of the situation getting worse. As the virus spreads through human society, the social networks of confirmed cases can provide us with crucial new insights on this question.

Methods: Based on the epidemiological reports of 235 COVID-19 cases in Nanjing, we constructed a social contact network for the epidemic.

Coumarin protects Cherax quadricarinatus (red claw crayfish) against white spot syndrome virus infection.

Coumarin is a natural compound from plants with the molecular formula CHO. Cherax quadricarinatus (red claw crayfish) is an aquaculture species exhibiting high economic efficiency and quality that is mainly distributed and cultivated in the southeast provinces in China. In order to identify an effective herbal immunopotentiator against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, this study examined the effect of coumarin as a feed additive in protecting C.

Animal Model Contributions to Primary Congenital Glaucoma.

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is an ocular disease characterized by congenital anterior segmental maldevelopment with progressive optic nerve degeneration. Certain genes, such as cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 and latent TGF--binding protein 2, are involved in the pathogenesis of PCG, but the exact pathogenic mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. There is an urgent need to determine the etiology and pathophysiology of PCG and develop new therapeutic methods to stop disease progression.

Structure of corn bran hemicelluloses isolated with aqueous ethanol solutions and their potential to produce furfural.

The alkali-soluble hemicelluloses extracted with 10% KOH solution from corn bran were further isolated with different concentrations of aqueous ethanol solutions. Herein 92.2% of the original hemicelluloses can be obtained and the cellulase enzymatic hydrolysis rate of the alkali treated corn bran can reach to 97.

A narrative review of the role of the Notch signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis.

Background And Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease affected by genetics and the environment factors. Its early diagnosis and treatment are difficult, and the infection risk is serious. The treatment effects for most patients were not significant, which has become a difficult challenge to overcome.

Exploration of deep eutectic solvent-based biphasic system for furfural production and enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis: Chemical, topochemical, and morphological changes.

Developing a biorefinery process for a highly integrated valorization and fractionation of lignocellulose is crucial for its utilization. Herein, a biphasic system comprising choline chloride/lactic acid and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran with Al(SO) and HSO as catalysts was applied to pretreat Eucalyptus. Results showed that under the optimized conditions (150 °C, 30 min, 0.

A narrative review of positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: This paper briefly reviews the pathological characteristics and regulatory mechanism of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and summarizes the relationship between it and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a means to improve its therapeutic potential and clinical application.

Background: RA is a systemic inflammatory disease with a high incidence rate. The early diagnosis and treatment of the disease is difficult, and the current treatment effect of most patients is not significant and accompanied by serious infection risk.

Mechanism of WeChat's Impact on Public Risk Perception During COVID-19.

Purpose: Taking COVID-19 as an example, this paper explores the mechanism of WeChat's impact on risk information transmission in social media and builds a model of WeChat's impact on public risk perception based on risk communication.

Methods: Research primarily utilised the questionnaire survey method to collect and analyse public attitudes towards COVID-19 to achieve the research goals. We checked the adequacy of measurements and tested the hypotheses with regression analysis based on 801 participants in China.

A Rapid Screening Method for Sibutramine Hydrochloride in Natural Herbal Medicines and Dietary Supplements.

Herbal weight loss drugs are becoming more widely used in the fight against obesity, but ineffective regulation of these products have resulted in harmful additives. These products may contain adulterants such as sibutramine hydrochloride that may result in serious adverse health events including death. This work established a color precipitation reaction-based rapid screening method for illegal adulteration of sibutramine hydrochloride in natural herbal medicines (NHM) and dietary supplements (DS).

The Molecular Genetics of Marfan Syndrome.

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a complex connective tissue disease that is primarily characterized by cardiovascular, ocular and skeletal systems disorders. Despite its rarity, MFS severely impacts the quality of life of the patients. It has been shown that molecular genetic factors serve critical roles in the pathogenesis of MFS.

PRKCH polymorphism is associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a Chinese population.

Genetic factors have been widely considered to have a substantial effect on the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the four newly discovered polymorphisms in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis confer susceptibility to RA in a Chinese Han population. We conducted a case-control study involving 359 RA cases and 873 age-and gender-matched controls and performed genotyping of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs227163, rs726288, rs3783782 and rs2469434, using the dye terminator-based SNaPshot method.

Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates the brain's response to foot stimuli under dual-task condition: A fMRI study in elderly adults.

Previous behavioral studies have shown that high-intensity cognitive tasks weaken balance control in elder adults. Moreover, age-related loss of plantar sensation is considered to be an important contributing factor to the occurrence of falls. Recently, we have realized that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can effectively improve the balance of the elderly under the dual-task, but its underlying regulatory mechanism is not clear.

High-performance gas sensors based on a thiocyanate ion-doped organometal halide perovskite.

Thin films of a thiocyanate ion (SCN)-doped organometal halide perovskite, CHNHPbI(SCN), were used as a sensing material for developing high-performance gas sensors. The CHNHPbI(SCN)-based chemiresistor-type sensor can sensitively and selectively detect acetone and nitrogen dioxide (NO) at room temperature with high sensitivities of 5.6 × 10 and 5.

Synthesis of a Class of Chiral-Bridged Phosphoramidite Ligands and Their Applications in the First Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Isatins.

A series of novel chiral phosphoramidite ligands based on chiral-bridged biphenyl backbones have been prepared conveniently and characterized. The ligands complexed with [IrCodCl]2 provided the first iridium catalyst system for the asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids to N-protected isatins with high efficiency. When performed in THF/H2O at 80 °C with 2 equiv of the arylboronic acids, the transformations acquired good to excellent results (up to 98% yield and 95% ee).

Highly enantioselective synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5(9bH)-ones via catalytic asymmetric intramolecular cascade imidization-nucleophilic addition-lactamization.

Highly enantioselective catalytic asymmetric intramolecular cascade imidization-nucleophilic addition-lactamization of N(1)-alkylethane-1,2-diamine with methyl 2-formylbenzoate catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid represents the first efficient method for the preparation of medicinally interesting chiral 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5(9bH)-ones with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. This strategy has been shown to be quite general toward various methyl 2-formylbenzoates.

Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells-seeded bladder acellular matrix grafts for reconstruction of bladder defects in a canine model.

Background: The goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of utilizing human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs)-seeded Bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) for bladder reconstruction in a canine model.

Methodology/principal Findings: HUMSCs were isolated from newborn umbilical cords and identified by flow cytometry. Partial cystectomy was performed in the experimental and control group.

Enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral multifunctionalized biaryls via asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura coupling.

Substituted 2-formylarylboronic acids were successfully employed as substrates for asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. By virtue of the coupling with dialkoxyphosphinyl substituted naphthyl bromides and 2-nitronaphthalen-1-yl triflouromethanesulfonate, a series of novel multifunctionalized axially chiral biaryls were prepared in 53-97% yields with up to 97% ee using palladium-Cy-MOP as the catalyst. The methodology provides a highly efficient and practical strategy for the synthesis of novel multifunctionalized axially chiral biaryls.