Prophylactic cranial irradiation improved the prognosis in pT1-2N0M0 small cell lung cancers after complete resection: a retrospective real-world study.

Background: The efficacy of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is still controversial in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with pT1-2N0M0 disease after complete resection. The majority of previous studies haven't discerned the potential benefit of PCI in this subgroup of patients, probably due to the paucity of these patients and distinct treating modalities. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential medical benefit of PCI in these patients.

Rezivertinib versus gefitinib as first-line therapy for patients with EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (REZOR): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study.

Background: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of rezivertinib (BPI-7711) and gefitinib as first-line therapies in patients with EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: This multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study (REZOR) included eligible patients from 50 hospitals across China. Those who had been histologically or cytologically confirmed as having NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 deletion or exon 21 Leu858Arg mutation by central laboratory were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive once daily either rezivertinib 180 mg or gefitinib 250 mg, until unacceptable toxicity occurred, disease progression, or other treatment discontinuation criteria were met.

Electrospun Biomimetic Periosteum Promotes Diabetic Bone Defect Regeneration through Regulating Macrophage Polarization and Sequential Drug Release.

The inadequate vascularization and abnormal immune microenvironment in the diabetic bone defect region present a significant challenge to osteogenic regulation. Inspired by the distinctive characteristics of healing staged in diabetic bone defects and the structure-function relationship in the natural periosteum, we fabricated an electrospun bilayer biomimetic periosteum (Bilayer@E) to promote regeneration of diabetic bone defects. Here, the inner layer of biomimetic periosteum was fabricated using coaxial electrospinning fibers, with a shell incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and a core containing silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO NPs) mimicking the cambium of periosteum; the outer layer consisted of randomly aligned electrospun fibers loaded with deferoxamine (DFO), simulating the fibrous layer of periosteum; finally, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was coated onto the bilayer membrane to obtain Bilayer@E.

Sex differences in the association between metabolic disorder and inflammatory cytokines in Han Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Background: Previous evidence suggests that immune-inflammatory dysfunction plays an important role in metabolic disorder (MD) of patients with schizophrenia, yet studies on sex differences in the association between both are limited. The current study aimed to investigate sex differences in the association between MD and inflammatory cytokines in Han Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia (CS).

Methods: This multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in one general hospital and two psychiatric hospitals in Anhui Province, China.

RET-AREAL: A multi-center, real-world data analysis on the efficacy of pralsetinib in acquired RET fusion after resistance to EGFR/ALK-TKIs.

Pralsetinib demonstrated impressive improvement of survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbored de novo RET fusion. However, the efficacy in patients with acquired RET fusion after resistance to EGFR/ALK-TKIs has only been reported on a case-by-case basis, and the strategy for overcoming the acquired RET fusion has not been fully investigated. This multicenter, real-world analysis enrolled 32 patients with unresectable NSCLC harbored acquired RET fusion after resistance to EGFR/ALK-TKIs in 23 centers across China from July 1st, 2018 to Nov 23rd, 2022.

Efficacy and safety of first-line sintilimab plus anlotinib versus chemotherapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II, open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Background: The prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with standard platinum-based chemotherapy was suboptimal, with safety concerns. Following encouraging results from a preliminary phase I study, this phase II trial investigated the efficacy and safety of first-line sintilimab and anlotinib in metastatic NSCLC.

Methods: In this open-label, randomized controlled trial (NCT04124731), metastatic NSCLC without epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), or proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS (ROS1) mutations, and previous treatments for metastatic disease were enrolled.

Types of cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy: insights from animal models.

Approximately one-tenth of the global population is affected by diabetes mellitus, and its incidence continues to rise each year. In China, 1.4 million patients die from diabetes-related complications every year.

Preparation of polyclonal antibody to CHOP protein and its application in heat stress of chickens.

Heat stress (HS) is a stress response of organisms to temperature changes, which can result in organ damage and increased chicken mortality in high-temperature environments. The CHOP protein, also known as GADD 135, plays a crucial role in endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, there are fewer studies related to whether CHOP proteins are involved in heat stress-induced organ damage.

Aflatoxin B1 Promotes Pyroptosis in IPEC-J2 Cells by Disrupting Mitochondrial Dynamics through the AMPK/NLRP3 Pathway.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins in food and feed, seriously jeopardizing the intestinal health, while the effects of AFB1 on intestinal damage remain to be well understood. This study aims to evaluate the effect of AFB1 on intestinal injury by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated pyroptosis . The present study showed that AFB1 led to the formation of large number of bubble-like protrusions on the cell membrane, releasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β).

YY1 downregulation underlies therapeutic response to molecular targeted agents.

During targeted treatment, oncogene-addicted tumor cells often evolve from an initial drug-sensitive state through a drug-tolerant persister bottleneck toward the ultimate emergence of drug-resistant clones. The molecular basis underlying this therapy-induced evolutionary trajectory has not yet been completely elucidated. Here, we employed a multifaceted approach and implicated the convergent role of transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in the course of diverse targeted kinase inhibitors.

Gut microbiota and metabolites associated with immunotherapy efficacy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a pilot study.

Background: The gut microbiota and its associated metabolites play a critical role in shaping the systemic immune response and influencing the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this study, patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) were included to explore the correlation between gut microbiota and metabolites and immunotherapy efficacy in patients with ES-SCLC.

Methods: Pre- and post-treatment, we collected stool samples from 49 ES-SCLC patients treated with an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody.

Safety, Efficacy, and Biomarker Analysis of Deulorlatinib (TGRX-326) in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive NSCLC: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase 1/1b Trial.

Introduction: Patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive NSCLC developing resistance to second-generation inhibitors have limited treatment options. Deulorlatinib is a highly brain-penetrant, new-generation ALK/ROS1 inhibitor. We evaluated the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of deulorlatinib in ALK-positive NSCLC.

Strong Metal-Support Interactions in Heterogeneous Oxygen Electrocatalysis.

Molecular oxygen redox electrocatalysis involves oxygen reduction and evolution as core reactions in various energy conversion and environmental technology fields. Strong metal-support interactions (SMSIs) based nanomaterials are regarded as desirable and state-of-the-art heterogeneous electrocatalysts due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. Over the past decades, considerable advancements in theory and experiment have been achieved in related studies, especially in modulating the electronic structure and geometrical configuration of SMSIs to enable activity, selectivity, and stability.

Co-presence of PtNi nanowires and ionic liquid in carbon mesopores enhances electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity.

The electrocatalytic activity of PtNi nanowires is enhanced by the co-presence of ionic liquid in carbon mesopores. Three-dimensional transmission electron microscopy tomography and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy confirm the co-presence of PtNi nanowires and ionic liquid inside carbon mesopores even under electrochemical conditions.

Effect of ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with ringheaded thumb-tack needle stimulation on gastrointestinal reactions of malignant tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Objectives: To observe the efficacy and safety of ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with ringheaded thumb-tack needle stimulation in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with malignant tumors.

Methods: Patients with malignant tumors and suffering from chemotherapy were randomly divided into control group (35 cases, 4 cases dropped off) and observation group (35 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients of the control group were treated by orally taking ondansetron hydrochloride tablets 8 mg/time, 3 times a day for 3 d, and those of the observation group treated by ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with ringheaded thumb-tack needle stimulation of Zusanli(ST36), Neiguan(PC6), Tianshu(ST25), Zhongwan(CV12) and Guanyuan(CV4) once a day for a total of 3 d, based on the treatment of the control group.

Berberine alleviates high-energy and low-protein diet-induced fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens: insights from microbiome and metabolomics.

Berberine (BBR), a well-known quaternary ammonium alkaloid, is recognized for its ability to prevent and alleviate metabolic disorders because of its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying mechanisms of BBR to mitigate fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) through the modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolism remained unclear. The results revealed that BBR ameliorates lipid metabolism disorder in high-energy and low-protein (HELP) diet-induced FLHS laying hens, as evidenced by improved liver function and lipid deposition of the liver, reduced blood lipids, and the expression of liver lipid synthesis-related factors.