Oral Lactoferrin-Responsive Formulation Anchoring around Inflammatory Bowel Region for IBD Therapy.

Oral formulation is the ideal treatment method for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy, but the mucosal damage and diarrhea symptoms impede the drug retention around the inflammatory region, severely limiting IBD therapeutic efficacy. To address this, an oral astaxanthin (Ast) precise delivery formulation is developed with the selective Ast anchoring around the inflammatory region by the novel lactoferrin (LF)-responsive flocculation. This formulation also heightens the apparent solubility of Ast with the minimized edible safety risks for the edible raw materials.

Shared genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes with muscle mass and function and frailty reveals comorbidity etiology and pleiotropic druggable targets.

Background: Delineating the shared genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes with muscle mass and function and frailty is essential for unraveling the common etiology and developing holistic therapeutic strategies for these co-existing conditions.

Methods: In this genome-wide pleiotropic association study, we performed multi-level pairwise trait pleiotropic analyses using genome-wide association study summary statistics from up to 461,026 European ancestry individuals to dissect the shared genetic factors and causal relationships of type 2 diabetes and seven glycemic traits with four muscle mass- and function-related phenotypes and the frailty index.

Results: We first identified 27 pairs with significant genetic correlations through the linkage disequilibrium score regression and high-definition likelihood analysis.

Multiple approaches to advance health equity in nursing science: Recruitment, data, and dissemination.

Ensuring equitable care and health outcomes for all populations is essential in nursing science. However, achieving health equity in nursing science necessitates a multifaceted approach to address the complex factors influencing health disparities. This paper presented the keynote address delivered at the Advanced Methods Conference hosted by the Council for Advancement of Nursing Science in 2023.

Association between birth weight and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK Biobank: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Birth weight has been reported to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood, but the results have not yet been determined. This study aims to analyse the potential association of birth weight with COPD risk in UK Biobank.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis for participants without baseline COPD in UK Biobank.

AI-based medication adherence prediction in patients with schizophrenia and attenuated psychotic disorders.

Objective: The capacity of machine-learning algorithms to predict medication adherence was assessed using data from AiCure, a computer vision-assisted smartphone application, which records the medication ingestion event.

Methods: Patients treated with BI 409306 were recruited from two Phase II randomized, placebo-controlled trials in schizophrenia (NCT03351244) and attenuated psychotic disorders (NCT03230097). A machine-learning model was optimized to predict overall trial adherence using AiCure data collected over three monitoring periods (7/10/14 days), adherence cut-offs (0.

Electrocatalysis degradation of biochemical tail water from coking wastewater using particle electrode with persulphate.

Due to the intricate composition and recalcitrant nature of coking wastewater, the biochemical effluent often fails to meet standards. This study explored the preparation of particle electrodes, utilizing activated carbon powder (PAC) loading single-element Fe, Co, and Ni, as well as dual-element Ni-Fe and Co-Fe as catalyst. The particle electrode system was integrated with persulphate (PS) activation to enhance its performance.

Reducing Stigma in Chinese Women Living With HIV/AIDS: Mixed Methods Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.

Background: Perceived stigma significantly impedes access to public health resources for women living with HIV/AIDS, highlighting the crucial need for interventions to empower individuals to overcome such barriers.

Objectives: This paper outlines the protocol for a pilot study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of the Helping Overcome PErceived Stigma (HOPES) intervention employing the mixed methods-grounded in narrative transportation-theory in reducing perceived stigma among women living with HIV/AIDS.

Methods: A total of 100 women living with HIV/AIDS will be randomized into two groups: the HOPES group and the control group.

COVID-19 Infection Experience and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Medical Staff: The Mediating Role of Professional Burnout.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship between COVID-19 infection-related conditions and depressive symptoms among medical staff after easing the zero-COVID policy in China, and to further examine the mediating role of professional burnout.

Methods: A total of 1716 medical staff from all levels of health care institutions in 16 administrative districts of Beijing, China, were recruited to participate at the end of 2022 in this cross-sectional study. Several multiple linear regressions and mediating effects tests were performed to analyze the data.

The Jiangsu Biobank for the Prevention and Control of Diabetes (JBPCD) in China.

The Jiangsu Biobank for the Prevention and Control of Diabetes (JBPCD) is a community-based prospective cohort study initiated in Jiangsu province, to examine the burden of complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to better understand the incidence, risk factors, and long-term outcomes of T2DM complications to inform prevention and control strategies. From October 2013 to July 2014, 20,053 T2DM patients (7,862 males and 12,191 females) were recruited from Suzhou city and Huai'an city.

Exercise combined with vitamin D supplementation has additive health effects on short physical performance battery and stair climbing in older adults: a scope review of randomised controlled trials.

This scoping review aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise combined with vitamin D supplementation on skeletal muscle health in older individuals. We implemented a systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase, which was conducted from the time of library construction to January 2024. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials including men and women aged ≥ 65 years or mean age ≥ 65 years; exercise training and vitamin D supplementation; outcomes of muscular strength, function, muscular power, body composition and quality of life; and results compared with those of exercise intervention alone.

Age at diagnosis of diabetes, obesity, and the risk of dementia among adult patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: While Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is increasing among younger individuals, few studies have examined how age at T2DM diagnosis relates to dementia risk in diabetic populations. We aimed to investigate the association between age at T2DM diagnosis and subsequent dementia risk, and to determine whether obesity moderates this relationship.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Health and Retirement Study (2002-2016) matched with its 2003 Diabetes Mail-Out Survey.

Features and Differences in Core Symptom Clusters in Home-Based Hospice Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Network Analysis.

Introduction: Patients with terminal-stage cancer frequently experience multiple symptoms simultaneously. Little is known about how core symptom clusters differ in advanced-cancer patients with different survival expectancies receiving hospice care. To identify the core symptom clusters of hospice-care cancer patients with different survival expectancies and compare the features of their symptom networks.

Innovative strategies in genitourinary cancer: the role of oncolytic viruses.

Urinary tumors pose a significant health threat because of their high prevalence and recurrence rates. Despite the availability of various treatment options, many patients poorly respond to traditional therapies, highlighting the urgent need for alternative approaches. Oncolytic viruses are promising therapeutic agents.

A comprehensive survey of space robotic manipulators for on-orbit servicing.

On-Orbit Servicing (OOS) robots are transforming space exploration by enabling vital maintenance and repair of spacecraft directly in space. However, achieving precise and safe manipulation in microgravity necessitates overcoming significant challenges. This survey delves into four crucial areas essential for successful OOS manipulation: object state estimation, motion planning, and feedback control.

Association Between Oral Hygiene Behaviours and Cognitive Decline in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: To evaluate the association between oral hygiene behaviour and cognitive decline in adults. The outcomes include changes in global cognitive function, visual attention, task switching and the risk of dementia.

Design: We conducted a systematic review following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines.

A scoping review of interventions targeting HIV stigma in women living with HIV.

Since its initial detection in the 1980s, AIDS has become a significant global health threat, disproportionately affecting women. Stigma constitutes the substantial barrier to accessing healthcare for women living with HIV (WLWH). This scoping review based on the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework aimed to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical caregivers to develop intervention strategies and assess their effectiveness.

A tale of two narratives: The role of event disruption in employee affective and behavioral reactions to authoritarian leadership.

Extant research demonstrates the destructive nature of authoritarian leadership in the workplace, yet its widespread use suggests that a more balanced view of this leadership style may be needed to identify whether this form of leadership engenders favorable reactions in specific circumstances. Integrating insights from appraisal theory and the compensatory control model, we posit that authoritarian leadership can evoke anxiety among employees in less disruptive settings, whereas it evokes feelings of awe in highly disruptive contexts. These anxiety and awe reactions then influence employees' downstream leader-focused behaviors (i.

Revitalizing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer: Nanotechnology and Bioengineering Approaches.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy has been a cornerstone treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer for decades and still faces challenges, such as severe immune adverse reactions, which reduce its use as a first-line treatment. This review examines BCG therapy's history, mechanisms, and current status, highlighting how nanotechnology and bioengineering are revitalizing its application. We discuss novel nanocarrier systems aimed at enhancing BCG's efficacy while mitigating specific side effects.

Methodological components, structure and quality assessment tools for evidence summaries: a scoping review.

Objective: The objective of this review was to identify and map the available information related to the definition, structure, and core methodological components of evidence summaries, as well as to identify any indicators of quality.

Introduction: Evidence summaries offer a practical solution to overcoming some of the barriers present in evidence-based health care, such as lack of access to evidence at the point of care, and the knowledge and expertise to evaluate the quality and translate the evidence into clinical decision-making. However, lack of transparency in reporting and inconsistencies in the methodology of evidence summary development have previously been cited and pose problems for end-users (eg, clinicians, policymakers).

[Research status and prospect of the application of artificial intelligence in the acupuncture and moxibustion field based on bibliometric].

To explore the research hotspot, development trend and existing problem of artificial intelligence (AI) application in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion by using bibliometric method. Relevant articles of AI application in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion published in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed and Web of Science from the database establishment to September 17, 2023 were searched. Excel 2019, CiteSpace 6.

Risk factors for distant metastasis and prognosis of the penile cancer with distant metastasis.

Background: Penile cancer (PC) is a rare malignant tumor, whose distant metastasis (DM) is associated with the poorest outcomes. The risk factors associated with DM and prognosis of the PC with DM remain elusive. This study was aimed at investigating risk factors associated with DM and constructing prediction models of PC with DM.