[Preliminary histological and biomechanical study about the timing of surgical repair for acute rotator cuff tears in rabbits].

Objectives: To establish the animal model of acute rotator cuff tear in rabbits, and study the effect of timing of surgical repair on healing of tendon-bone interface, formation and distribution of collagens in the supraspinatus tendon insertion and biomechanical properties of supraspinatus.

Methods: Supraspinatus tenotomy was performed in the right shoulder of 90 skeletally matured male New Zealand white rabbits to establish the animal model of acute rotator cuff tear. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups : group of early repair, repaired at 1 week after tenotomy; group of late repair, repaired at 4 weeks after tenotomy; and group without repair, used as control.

Differences in the evolution of surface-microstructured silicon fabricated by femtosecond laser pulses with different wavelength.

We experimentally investigate the differences in the evolution of surface-microstructured silicon fabricated by femtosecond laser pulses with different wavelength as a function of irradiated laser energy. The results show that when laser energy absorbed by the silicon material is the same, laser pulses with a shorter wavelength can form the surface-microstructured silicon with less laser energy, while the corresponding spike height is much lower than that of laser pulses with a longer wavelength. This is because the penetration depth of the laser pulses increases exponentially at the increase of the laser wavelength.

The Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel.

A major challenge of biology is understanding the relationship between molecular genetic variation and variation in quantitative traits, including fitness. This relationship determines our ability to predict phenotypes from genotypes and to understand how evolutionary forces shape variation within and between species. Previous efforts to dissect the genotype-phenotype map were based on incomplete genotypic information.

Retargeted clostridial neurotoxins as novel agents for treating chronic diseases.

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) A and B are used to treat neuropathic disorders; if retargeted, these agents could be used to treat medical conditions that involve secretion from nonneuronal cells. Here, we report novel strategies for successfully retargeting BoNTs, and also tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), to primary human blood monocyte-derived macrophages where BoNT/B inhibited the release of tumor necrosis factor-α, a cytokine that plays a key role in inflammation. Furthermore, mice treated with retargeted BoNT/B exhibited a significant reduction in macrophage (MΦ) recruitment, indicating that these toxins can be used to treat chronic inflammation.

[Clinical results after all arthroscopic reduction and fixation of bony Bankart lesion].

Objective: To investigate the shoulder function after arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation in patients with bony Bankart lesion.

Methods: Between May 2004 and May 2008, 45 patients with bony Bankart lesion who were treated with all arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation with metal anchors were included in this study. Among them 40 patients were male and 5 patients were female.

[Clinical follow-up study of combined tenodesis for long head of biceps tendon lesion with massive rotator cuff tear].

Objective: To evaluate the combined tenodesis for long head of bicep tendon lesion with massive rotator cuff tear.

Methods: From January 2004 to June 2009, 41 patients of long head of bicep tendon lesion with massive rotator cuff tear were treated by arthroscopy. The follow-up period was over 12 months.

Optimal proportional relation between laser power and pulse number for the fabrication of surface-microstructured silicon.

We experimentally demonstrate that, under the same laser fluence, there exists an optimal proportional relation between the laser power and pulse number for the fabrication of surface-microstructured silicon. During this fabrication process, the pulse number represents the interaction time between the laser and the silicon, which determines the depth of energy transferred into the inner part of the material, while the laser power determines the ablation and volatilization rate of the silicon. The proper combination of laser power and pulse number can ablate the material on the silicon surface effectively and have enough time to transfer the energy into the deep layer, which can produce microstructured silicon with a high spike.

Arthroscopic Bankart repair combined with remplissage technique for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability with engaging Hill-Sachs lesion: a report of 49 cases with a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Background: Engaging Hill-Sachs lesions are known to be a risk factor for recurrence dislocation after arthroscopic repair in patients with anterior shoulder instability. For a large engaging Hill-Sachs lesion, arthroscopic remplissage is a solution.

Hypothesis: Arthroscopic Bankart repair combined with the Hill-Sachs remplissage technique can achieve good results without significant impairment of shoulder function.

Transcriptional control mechanisms associated with the nucleotide receptor P2X7, a critical regulator of immunologic, osteogenic, and neurologic functions.

The nucleotide receptor P2X(7) is an attractive therapeutic target and potential biomarker for multiple inflammatory and neurologic disorders, and it is expressed in several immune, osteogenic, and neurologic cell types. Aside from its role in the nervous system, it is activated by ATP released at sites of tissue damage, inflammation, and infection. Ligand binding to P2X(7) stimulates many cell responses, including calcium fluxes, MAPK activation, inflammatory mediator release, and apoptosis.

Design of separation length and electric field strength for high-speed DNA electrophoresis.

Gel-based DNA separation on microchip will play an important role in future genomic analysis due to its potential for high-efficiency and high-speed. Optimal design of microchip and separation condition is essential to take full advantage of high-speed separation on microchip. Separation length L and electric field strength E, which are crucial for design of microchip system, are focused on in this paper.

Locking intramedullary nails and locking plates in the treatment of two-part proximal humeral surgical neck fractures: a prospective randomized trial with a minimum of three years of follow-up.

Background: locking intramedullary nails and locking plates specially designed for proximal humeral fractures are widely used. The purpose of our study was to compare the outcomes between these two types of implants in patients with a two-part surgical neck fracture. The advantages and shortcomings of each method were analyzed.

Chemoattractant-induced signaling via the Ras-ERK and PI3K-Akt networks, along with leukotriene C4 release, is dependent on the tyrosine kinase Lyn in IL-5- and IL-3-primed human blood eosinophils.

Human blood eosinophils exhibit a hyperactive phenotype in response to chemotactic factors after cell "priming" with IL-5 family cytokines. Earlier work has identified ERK1/2 as molecular markers for IL-5 priming, and in this article, we show that IL-3, a member of the IL-5 family, also augments fMLP-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in primary eosinophils. Besides ERK1/2, we also observed an enhancement of chemotactic factor-induced Akt phosphorylation after IL-5 priming of human blood eosinophils.

Complications of the locking plate for displaced proximal humeral fractures.

Background: Although the locking plate has become popular for treating displaced proximal humeral fractures in recent years, the complications of this method are still underestimated. We tried to evaluate the factors that have an influence on the complications experienced after proximal humeral fractures fixed by locking plates and compare the results from patients having complications with those having no complications.

Methods: From September 2004 to September 2007, 92 out of 111 displaced proximal humeral fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with a locking plate were available for follow-up, with an average time of 15.

Analysis of a large-scale screening of mitochondrial DNA m.1555A>G mutation in 2417 deaf-mute students in northwest of China.

The ancient Silk Road (also called "Northwest Silk Road") in Northwest China, starting from Xi'an, passes through Gansu, Xinjiang, Central Asia, West Asia, and the land passage connecting the Mediterranean countries. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of mitochondrial DNA12SrRNA m.1555A>G mutation in a total of 2417 cases of nonsyndromic deaf-mute patients representative of the general population of Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang along the Silk Road.

Human airway eosinophils respond to chemoattractants with greater eosinophil-derived neurotoxin release, adherence to fibronectin, and activation of the Ras-ERK pathway when compared with blood eosinophils.

Human blood eosinophils exposed ex vivo to hematopoietic cytokines (e.g., IL-5 or GM-CSF) subsequently display enhanced responsiveness to numerous chemoattractants, such as chemokines, platelet-activating factor, or FMLP, through a process known as priming.

Identification of two novel mutations, c.232T>C and c.2006A>T, in SLC26A4 in a Chinese family associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct.

It is known that enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome is closely related to the SLC26A4 mutation. Up to date, more than 200 of SLC26A4 mutations have been described, and novel mutations are being continually identified in different countries and ethnic groups. In this study, two novel variations were identified in a Chinese family associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct.

Treatment of proximal humeral fracture with a proximal humeral nail.

Background: Various treatment options are available for displaced proximal humeral fractures. This study monitored a series of patients treated with a locking proximal humeral nail (PHN).

Hypothesis: Fixation with a PHN can be an effective method when treating patients with two part surgical neck fractures of proximal humerus.

Compensation of reflectance response deviations of guided-mode resonant filters induced by overetching fabrication.

Unless the fabrication error control is well treated, it easily causes overetched fabrication errors, which causes the resonant peak value deviation during the fabrication process of guided-mode resonant filters (GMRFs). Hence, the fabrication error control becomes a key point for improving the performance of GMRF. We find that, within the range of the groove depth from 93 to 105 nm, the relationship between the overetched error and the resonant peak value deviation is nearly linear, which means that we can compensate the reflectance response deviation and reduce the resonant peak value deviation by the method of covering the layer film on the GMRF.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis caused by deletion of the GM-CSFRalpha gene in the X chromosome pseudoautosomal region 1.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disorder in which surfactant-derived lipoproteins accumulate excessively within pulmonary alveoli, causing severe respiratory distress. The importance of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the pathogenesis of PAP has been confirmed in humans and mice, wherein GM-CSF signaling is required for pulmonary alveolar macrophage catabolism of surfactant. PAP is caused by disruption of GM-CSF signaling in these cells, and is usually caused by neutralizing autoantibodies to GM-CSF or is secondary to other underlying diseases.

Somatic mutations affect key pathways in lung adenocarcinoma.

Determining the genetic basis of cancer requires comprehensive analyses of large collections of histopathologically well-classified primary tumours. Here we report the results of a collaborative study to discover somatic mutations in 188 human lung adenocarcinomas. DNA sequencing of 623 genes with known or potential relationships to cancer revealed more than 1,000 somatic mutations across the samples.

[Analysis for skeletal age less than "age" in judicial expertise in 303 cases].

Objective: To discuss the phenomenon and the possible causes for the skeletal age less than the "real age" in the judicial expertise.

Methods: With referring to the skeletal age verification value provided by the inspection sample pertaining to CHN scoring method, combining with the relevant materials such as "age" and "residence" information provided by the police authority while performing expertise, as well as tracking down and re-visiting some cases, we retrospectively analyzed 829 cases.

Results: There were 303 cases for the skeletal age less than "real age" in total, which accounted for 36.

[Fixation of proximal humeral fracture with proximal humeral locking intramedullary nail].

Objectives: To investigate the results of two-part surgical neck fractures of proximal humerus treated with locking intramedullary nail for proximal humerus, and to discuss the indication, surgical technique and the effectiveness.

Methods: The data of the 22 patients with two-part surgical neck fractures fixed with proximal humeral nail was retrospectively reviewed. The mean age was 57 years.

[Clinical research on proximal humeral fractures treated by locking proximal humeral plate].

Objective: To evaluate the indications and clinical results of displaced proximal humeral fractures treated by locking proximal humeral plate (LPHP).

Methods: From September 2004 to March 2006, 75 patients which were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with LPHP were available to follow-up, with an average time of 17 months (12 - 30 months). There were 60 fresh fractures and 15 delayed fractures.

[Multi-modality therapy based on surgery in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients: Analysis of 51 cases].

Background: At the time of being diagnosed as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 65%-70% of the patients are at the advanced stage (stage III, IV). It is believed that the multi-modality therapy has a better efficacy than mono-therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of multi-modality therapy based on surgery in advanced NSCLC.