Polygenic risk scores for pan-cancer risk prediction in the Chinese population: A population-based cohort study based on the China Kadoorie Biobank.

Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been extensively developed for cancer risk prediction in European populations, but their effectiveness in the Chinese population remains uncertain.

Methods And Findings: We constructed 80 PRSs for the 13 most common cancers using seven schemes and evaluated these PRSs in 100,219 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). The optimal PRSs with the highest discriminatory ability were used to define genetic risk, and their site-specific and cross-cancer associations were assessed.

Dissolution of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials: Overlooked Significance of Aluminum Impurities.

Impurities are pivotal in determining the quality of the critical metal products derived from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but there is a lack of understanding of their potential impacts. The mechanisms by which Aluminium (Al) impurities permeate the active crystals of spent ternary nickel─cobalt─manganese oxide (NCM) cathode materials and interact with critical metal sites are elucidated. During frictional contact, the substitution of transition metals by Al impurities disrupts the bonding between critical metals and oxygen, leading to the formation of more stable Al─O covalent bonds.

Thermally Induced Neodymium-Doped Strategy toward Wide Band Gap Perovskite Solar Cells with a Fill Factor over 86.

To approach the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limit in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), enhancing the fill factor (FF), a crucial parameter associated with carrier transport and nonradiative recombination, is of paramount importance. In this paper, the rare earths (RE), neodymium salt is used as dopant of 4-(3-,6-dimethoxy-9h-carbazol-9-butyl) phosphonic acid (MeO-4PACz) to obtain MeO-4PACz:Nd, and Nd migration is induced during annealing. It is worth noting that the uniform diffusion of Nd in the perovskite layer significantly increases the defect-formation energy of perovskite, thus reducing the density of the perovskite defect states, greatly improving the carrier transport rate and inhibited non-radiative recombination.

20.6% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Incorporating a Lower Bandgap Guest Nonfullerene Acceptor Without Open-Circuit Voltage Loss.

Simultaneously mitigating both photovoltage and photocurrent losses is crucial for organic solar cells (OSCs) to approach the Shockley-Queisser limit of ideal efficiency. Incorporating a narrower bandgap nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) as a guest component into the host donor:NFA system broadens the absorption spectrum. However, this can also increase the nonradiative decay rate according to the energy-gap law.

Middle Ear Cholesteatoma Complicated By Lemierre's Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (IJV), known as Lemierre's syndrome, is a rare complication secondary to infections in the head and neck. Cholesteatoma of the middle ear complicated with Lemierre's syndrome is rarely observed in clinical practice. Currently, the treatment controversy centers on whether anticoagulation therapy is necessary for IJV and distant metastatic emboli induced by Lemierre's syndrome.

Spin Polarization-Boosting Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics and Exciton Dissociation in Fe Nanoparticle-Loading Graphitic Carbon Nitride Toward Efficient CO Photoreduction.

The regulation of exciton properties plays a crucial role in enhancing the activity of photocatalysts, primarily due to the rapid recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs caused by the strong Coulomb interaction between them. In this study, we explore the spin polarization effect in nanohybrids composed of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) and iron (Fe) nanoparticles, which accelerates exciton dissociation and spin-selective electron transfer, thereby improving the selective photoreduction of CO₂ into CO. Mechanistic studies reveal that the Fe⁺/Fe⁺ redox pairs, embedded in the iron oxide layer on the surface of Fe nanoparticles, function as ultrafast charge transfer shuttles via a double exchange interaction (Fe⁺─O─Fe⁺).

Corrigendum to 'Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction' [Mater. Today Bio 18 (2023) 100512].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the male darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli) using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C data.

The darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli), a species of significant economic value in China's aquaculture sector, is widely utilized in hybrid yellow catfish production due to its exceptional growth rate. The growth rate of male P. vachelli is significantly higher compared to females, making all-male breeding a promising market opportunity.

Recent advances in transition metal-mediated/ catalyzed radiofluorination of arenes and heteroarenes for positron emission tomography.

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging endows the possibility of precise diagnosis and effective treatment of diseases. Aromatic (hetero)cycle is one of the most fundamental groups in pharmaceuticals as well as in the development of PET tracers. In particular, incorporation of F to aromatic (hetero)cycles has accelerated the progress of nuclear medicine tracers.

Pediatric anti-CaVα2δ autoimmune encephalitis: A case report and literature review.

Anti-voltage-gated calcium channel alpha-2/delta subunit (anti-CaVα2δ) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune encephalitis (AE), with only two cases of anti-CaVα2δ AE have been reported in the literatureto date. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of this rare AE need to beexpanded.We present the case of a 9-year-oldgirl, who initially presented with fever and lymphadenitis, which progressed to headaches, drowsiness, frequent seizures, cognitive impairment, memory loss, and involuntary movements.

Assessing Correlation between Surrogate Endpoints and Overall Survival for Oncology Clinical Trials.

Surrogate endpoints, such as progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR), are increasingly used in oncology trials to expedite drug development and decision making. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of these surrogate endpoints by analyzing their correlations with overall survival (OS) across different cancer types, treatments, and therapy lines at both the patient and trial levels using an integrated dataset from Bristol Myers Squibb. At the patient level, correlation between OS and PFS was consistently stronger than those between OS and best overall response (BOR), suggesting that PFS may serve as a more reliable surrogate for OS.

Enhancing the mechanical and antibacterial properties of hydroxyapatite bioceramics by graphene doping to promote osseointegration in infected bone defects.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics are extensively utilized in the field of bone repair owing to their remarkable biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity. However, their applications in load-bearing bones are significantly limited because of their inherent brittleness. Achieving a suitable balance between mechanical strength and osteogenic activity remains a critical challenge.

Discovery of Safe COX-2 Inhibitors: Achieving Reduced Colitis Side Effects through Balanced COX Inhibition.

The severe adverse effects associated with imbalanced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition continue to pose significant challenges in the development of contemporary anti-inflammatory drugs. In recent years, the approach to COX-2 inhibitor drug development has shifted from a focus on highly selective inhibition of COX-2 to a strategy that emphasizes more moderate selectivity. The amino acid sequence and structural similarities between inducible COX-2 and constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) isoforms present both substantial opportunities and challenges for the design of next generation of balanced COX-2 inhibitors.

The long noncoding RNA LUCAT1 regulates endometrial receptivity via the miR-495-3p/S100P axis.

Recently, interest in investigating the effects of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) on endometrial receptivity (ER) has increased within the field of assisted reproductive technology. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify and analyze the role of the lncRNA LUCAT1 and to elucidate its specific mechanism in regulating ER. Hub genes associated with ER are identified via Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in two datasets downloaded from the GEO database.

Emerging Therapeutic Targets of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer.

Purpose Of Review: Treatment-emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is aggressive and lethal. As androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) are increasingly used in earlier disease settings, treatment-emergent NEPC becomes more prevalent, and effective therapies are urgently needed. The purpose of this review was to summarize recent progress on emerging therapeutic targets of NEPC.

FDA-Approved Secukinumab Alleviates Glial Activation and Immune Cell Infiltration in MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) has been implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effect of the FDA-approved Secukinumab (SEC), an IL-17A inhibitor, on PD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of SEC and its potential mechanisms in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD.

Facile approach to synthesis of full bio-based cardanol-derived plasticizer for polylactic acid with excellent plasticization and water vapor resistance.

Developing a facile approach to fabricate a full bio-based plasticizer for polylactic acid (PLA) with excellent plasticization and water vapor resistance remains a challenge. Herein, we designed and synthesized cardanol-grafting dimer acid diglycidyl ester (CGDAE) as a plasticizer for PLA using natural cardanol, vegetable oil-derived dimer acid, and epichlorohydrin originated from glycerol as feedstocks. Dimer acid diglycidyl ester (DGE) was synthesized by etherifying of dimer acid with epichlorohydrin, followed by the reaction of DGE reacted with cardanol to produce CGDAE.

Unveiling the effects of conjugated gradient bridges: Inducing intramolecular charge transfer significantly enhances nonlinear response.

As an important π-conjugated bridge, (E)-2-styrylthiophene possesses excellent electronic transport and optical properties, showing great potential in nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. In order to investigate the influence of different donor units on (E)-2-styrylthiophene in NLO, we synthesized three thiophene-based D-π-A conjugates with dicyanoacetylene as the acceptor and different donors (MS, PS, FS) by inducing intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Their third-order nonlinear absorption was studied using Z-scan experiments and transient absorption spectroscopy.

Drug addiction and impact of urbanization: a systematic review.

Purpose Of Review: Using the ecological public health framework, this study aims to systematically review the risk of illicit drug use and its associated negative health outcomes relating to urbanization.

Recent Findings: Previous studies have indicated that urbanization associated with increased population density drives segregation of vulnerable communities of low socioeconomic status (SES). Marginalized individuals in segregated communities have increased risk of poor mental health and illicit drug use.

Manipulating the coordination dice: Alkali metals directed synthesis of Co-N-C catalysts with CoN sites.

Nitrogen-coordinated metal sites (MN) in metal- and nitrogen-codoped carbon (M-N-C) catalysts offer promising electrocatalytic activity, but selective synthetic design of MN sites with specific coordination environments remains challenging. Here, we manipulate the formation statistics of MN sites by using sacrifice alkali metals (AM = Li, Na, and K) to form metal vacancy-N carbon (AM-MVN-C) templates, which are used to direct the solution-phase formation of CoN sites in Co-N-C catalysts. We build a probability weight function based on the embedding energy of M in MN sites as the descriptor for MN formation statistics, and we predict that the alkali metals are prone to induce the formation of MVN sites.

A First-in-Class JAK/ROCK Inhibitor, Rovadicitinib, for Glucocorticoid-Refractory or -Dependent Chronic GVHD.

Rovadicitinib (TQ05105) is a novel, oral dual JAK1/2 and ROCK1/2 inhibitor targeting inflammatory and fibrotic components of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rovadicitinib for glucocorticoid-refractory or -dependent cGVHD. This phase 1b/2a, multicenter, open-label study (NCT04944043) enrolled patients with moderate or severe glucocorticoid-refractory or -dependent cGVHD.

Green DES-mediated preparation of the rose-shaped S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst (β-BiO/BiO)/TiO to boost antibiotics degradation.

Here, the rose-shaped S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst (β-BiO/BiO)/TiO was successfully prepared by a new, green and simple deep eutectic solvent-mediated strategy, which not only exhibits exceptional photocatalytic activity for tetracycline degradation, but also displays good stability, excellent universality and superior hydrogen evolution activity.

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture in patients with poor ovarian response.

This study investigated the effect of acupuncture in patients with poor ovarian response (POR) receiving controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). Sixty seven patients with POR were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (acupuncture+COS) and Group B (COS only). The results showed that the rate of high-quality embryos and rate of available embryos in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (P<0.