Insights into the complexities of Citrullination: From immune regulation to autoimmune disease.

Citrullination, a post-translational modification that changes arginine to citrulline in proteins, is vital for immune response modulation and cell signaling. Catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs), citrullination is linked to various diseases, particularly autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Citrullinated proteins can trigger the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), included in RA classification criteria.

Breaking the Stability-Activity Trade-off of Oxygen Electrocatalyst by Gallium Bilateral-Regulation for High-Performance Zinc-Air Batteries.

The rational design of metal oxide catalysts with enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance is crucial for the practical application of aqueous rechargeable zinc-air batteries (a-r-ZABs). Precisely regulating the electronic environment of metal-oxygen (M-O) active species is critical yet challenging for improving their activity and stability toward OER and ORR. Herein, we propose an atomic-level bilateral regulation strategy by introducing atomically dispersed Ga for continuously tuning the electronic environment of Ru-O and Mn-O in the Ga/MnRuO2 catalyst.

Death competence profiles and influencing factors among novice oncology nurses: a latent profile analysis.

Background: Preparing novice oncology nurses to competently care for dying cancer patients is challenging, particularly in cultures where death and dying are taboo subjects. This study aims to explore the various profiles of death competence among novice oncology nurses through latent profile analysis, identifies distinguishing characteristics, and examines influential factors within these subgroups.

Methods: A multisite cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2022, involving 506 novice oncology nurses from six tertiary cancer hospitals and centers across mainland China.

Single-cell epigenetic and clonal analysis decodes disease progression in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pAML) is a clonal disease with recurrent genetic alterations that affect epigenetic states. However, the implications of epigenetic dysregulation in disease progression remain unclear. Here, we interrogated single-cell and clonal level chromatin accessibility of bone marrow samples from 28 pAML patients representing multiple subtypes using mtscATAC-seq, which revealed distinct differentiation hierarchies and abnormal chromatin accessibility in a subtype-specific manner.

Optimal management strategies for promoting gestational extension in dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies.

Background: Preterm birth is a significant concern in multiple pregnancies, warranting effective strategies to improve outcomes. Delaying delivery of the second fetus is crucial for reducing perinatal mortality rates.

Case Presentation: In a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy, one fetus experienced premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at 16+6 weeks gestation.

Identification of Alzheimer's disease susceptibility genes by integrating eight human brain single-cell transcriptomes with genome-wide association studies.

To date, several studies have integrated genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data from bulk tissues to identify novel Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic variants and susceptibility genes. However, there is highly cell-type-specific nature in different bulk eQTL data. Until now, eQTL data from different brain single cells have been reported.

Spontaneous migration of a peripherally inserted central catheter into the azygos vein and accidental transection during thoracic surgery: A case report.

This case report presents an incident of spontaneous migration of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) into the azygos vein, leading to accidental transection during surgery. A patient with esophageal cancer had a PICC placed in the left upper arm one day prior to surgery, with the catheter tip confirmed by intracavitary electrocardiogram (IC-ECG) and anterior/lateral chest X-ray imaging. However, during the surgery, the PICC was unintentionally cut when the surgeon isolated and clamped the azygos vein.

Enzymatic degradation of mycotoxin patulin by a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase from Bacillus subtilis and its application in apple juice.

Patulin (PAT), a notorious mycotoxin widely found in fruits and their derived products, poses serious health risks to humans and animals due to its high toxicity. Biodegradation based on microbial enzymes has shown broad application prospects in controlling PAT contamination due to its environmental friendliness, high efficiency, strong specificity, and mild conditions of action. Bacillus subtilis is a cosmopolitan probiotic bacterium with an extensive enzymatic profile, which could serve as a valuable resource for the effective production of a range of enzymes utilized in various industrial processes and production applications.

Amelioration of metabolic and behavioral defects through base editing in the Pah phenylketonuria mouse model.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a liver metabolic disorder mainly caused by a deficiency of the hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) enzyme activity, often leading to severe brain function impairment in patients if untreated or if treatment is delayed. In this study, we utilized dual-AAV8 vectors to deliver a near PAM-less adenine base editor variant, known as ABE8e-SpRY, to treat the Pah PKU mouse model carrying a frequent R408W mutation in the Pah gene. Our findings revealed that a single intravenous injection in adult mice and a single intraperitoneal injection in neonatal mice resulted in 19.

A Predictive Model Integrating AI Recognition Technology and Biomarkers for Lung Nodule Assessment.

Background:  Lung cancer is the most prevalent and lethal cancer globally, necessitating accurate differentiation between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules to guide treatment decisions. This study aims to develop a predictive model that integrates artificial intelligence (AI) analysis with biomarkers to enhance early detection and stratification of lung nodule malignancy.

Methods:  The study retrospectively analyzed the patients with pathologically confirmed pulmonary nodules.

CCR5 mediates rheumatoid arthritis progression by promoting the activation and proliferation of non-classical Th1 cells.

Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysegulation, including an immune imbalance due to abnormal activation of non-classical Th1 cells (CD161 Th1). This study investigated the effects of CCR5 on the activation and proliferation of CD161 Th1 and their pathogenicity in patients with RA.

Methods: The study was conducted on 53 patients with RA and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC).

Brain computed tomography perfusion alterations in patients with Takayasu arteritis with steno-occlusive carotid arteries: a retrospective study.

Introduction/objective: Data on computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in Takayasu arteritis (TAK) patients are limited. Herein, we used CTP combined with computed tomography angiography (CTA) to investigate the brain hemodynamic status in TAK patients with stenosis/occlusive carotid arteries.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 49 TAK patients with carotid artery stenosis or occlusion who had ischemic manifestations and completed a one-stop aortic CTA and brain CTP at Xijing Hospital between 2021 and 2023.

Renovascular hypertension following by juxtaglomerular cell tumor: a challenging case with 12-year history of resistant hypertension and hypokalemia.

Background: Adolescents with secondary hyperaldosteronism often present with severe and treatment-resistant hypertension, along with hypokalemia. Renovascular hypertension is frequently caused by renal artery stenosis, primarily due to atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). The presence of an accessory renal artery (ARA) is a common anatomical variation that can contribute to secondary renal vascular hypertension.

Single-shot complete characterization of synthesized laser pulses and the nonlinear frequency-conversion process.

High-energy-synthesized laser pulses through a nonlinear frequency-conversion process with different characteristics, such as polarization, central wavelength, and pulse duration, play important roles in materials science, high-energy physics, and ultrafast optics. In this study, we present an improved transient-grating frequency-resolved optical gating based on a self-referenced and reflective structure, which enables the single-shot complete measurement of complex high-power synthesized laser pulses in the broadband range and analysis of the nonlinear frequency-conversion process of ultrashort pulses. The waveform/spectrum evolution of both the fundamental and second harmonic pulses in a nonlinear frequency-conversion process with different injected energies was studied for the first time using this method.

Association between inflammatory markers and anemia in patients with diabetic foot ulcer.

Anemia of inflammation (AI) is common among patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). This study aimed to investigate the specific relationship between inflammation indicators and anemia in patients with DFU. This cross-sectional study was carried out among patients with DFU between 2018 and 2023.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors analysis of abdominal symptoms in IgA vasculitis patients: a retrospective cohort study.

About 50% of children with IgA vasculitis (IgAV) have abdominal symptoms, usually colic mimic to acute abdomen. Since signs and symptoms of vasculitis may appear in any order, this may affect the diagnosis of children whose abdominal symptoms precede the appearance of purpura. It is necessary to identify the risk factors, pathogenesis, and specific biomarkers to improve the prevention and management of IgAV patients with abdominal symptoms.

E2F1-induced upregulation of contributes to endometrial cancer progression.

Purpose: To investigate the role of Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) in endometrial cancer (EC) progression and elucidate how the transcription factor E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) modulates EC by upregulating expression.

Methods: expression in EC tissues and cell lines was analyzed using bioinformatics databases, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry. was knocked down in EC cells to assess its effects on proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis.

Identification and Application of Novel Patulin-Degrading Enzymes from 168.

Patulin (PAT), a toxic secondary metabolite produced mainly by species that frequently contaminates fruit and fruit-derived products, poses serious health risks to humans and animals. In the present study, three short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) with PAT-degrading ability, designated SDR1, SDR2, and SDR3, were identified from the genome of 168. SDR1 and SDR2 showed powerful PAT elimination abilities, which can completely convert PAT to nontoxic E-ascladiol.

Causal association between insulin sensitivity index and Alzheimer's disease.

Evidence from observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies suggested that insulin resistance (IR) was associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causal effects of different indicators of IR on AD remain inconsistent. Here, we aim to assess the causal association between the insulin sensitivity index (ISI), a measure of post-prandial IR, and the risk of AD.

Construction and Optimization of a Yeast Cell Factory for Producing Active Unnatural Ginsenoside 3β--Glc-DM.

Ginsenosides are major active components of , which are generally glycosylated at C3-OH and/or C20-OH of protopanaxadiol (PPD) and C6-OH and/or C20-OH of protopanaxatriol. However, the glucosides of dammarenediol-II (DM), which is the direct precursor of PPD, have scarcely been separated from . Because different positions and numbers of the hydroxyl and glycosyl groups lead to a diversity of structure and function of the ginsenosides, it can be inferred that DM glucosides may have different pharmacological activities compared with natural ginsenosides.

[Application of high-throughput drug sensitivity testing in children with relapsed and refractory acute leukemia].

Objectives: To explore the current application of high-throughput drug sensitivity (HDS) testing in children with relapsed and refractory acute leukemia (RR-AL) and analyze the feasibility of salvage treatment plans.

Methods: A retrospective collection of clinical data from children with RR-AL who underwent HDS testing at the Department of Children's Hematology and Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from November 2021 to October 2023 was conducted, followed by an analysis of drug sensitivity results and treatment outcomes.

Results: A total of 17 children with RR-AL underwent HDS testing, including 7 cases of relapsed refractory acute myeloid leukemia and 10 cases of relapsed refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia.