Clinical applications of circulating tumor cell detection: challenges and strategies.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are pivotal in the distant metastasis of tumors, serving as one of the primary materials for liquid biopsy. They hold significant clinical importance in assessing prognosis, predicting efficacy, evaluating therapeutic outcomes, and studying recurrence, metastasis, and resistance mechanisms in cancer patients. Nevertheless, the rareness and heterogeneity of CTC and the complexity of metastasis make the clinical application of CTC detection confront many challenges, which may need to be settled by some practical strategies.

Conformation Influences Biological Fates of Peptide-Based Nanofilaments by Modulating Protein Adsorption and Interfilament Entanglement.

Filamentous structures exert biological functions mediated by multivalent interactions with their counterparts in sharp contrast with spherical ones. The physicochemical properties and unique behaviors of nanofilaments that are associated with multivalent interaction with protein are poorly understood. Here, peptide-based nanofilaments containing different homotetrapeptidic inserts are reported and their protein adsorption and biological fates are tested.

Valleytronics: Fundamental Challenges and Materials Beyond Transition Metal Chalcogenides.

Valleytronics, harnessing the valley degree of freedom in the momentum space, is a potential energy-efficient approach for information encoding, manipulation, and storage. Valley degree of freedom exists in a few conventional semiconductors, but recently the emerging 2D materials, such as monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are considered more ideal for valleytronics, due to the additional protection from spin-valley locking enabled by their inversion symmetry breaking and large spin-orbit coupling. However, current limitations in the valley lifetime, operation temperature, and light-valley conversion efficiency in existing materials encumber the practical applications of valleytronics.

Albumin-seeking near-infrared-II probe evaluating blood-brain barrier disruption in stroke.

Background: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after stroke is closely associated with brain tissue edema and neuronal injury, which requires accurate assessment. However, there is a lack of appropriate BBB imaging modality in vivo. As albumin in the blood could cross the damaged BBB into brain tissue after stroke, it serves as a biomarker for BBB disruption.

EGFR-TKIs induce acneiform rash and xerosis via Caspase-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis of keratinocytes and sebocytes.

Skin toxicities are the most common adverse effects of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). While EGFR-TKIs induce pyroptosis in lung cancer cells through Gasdermin E (GSDME) activation, it is unknown whether they can similarly affect skin cells. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to demonstrate that in acneiform rash, the N-terminus of GSDME (GSDME-N) is predominantly expressed in the basal layer of the follicular epithelium and sebocytes, while it is absent in the interfollicular epidermis.

Metabonomics analysis of decidual tissue in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Objective: This study aimed to delineate the metabolic differences and identify enriched pathways in the decidual tissue of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) compared to normal pregnant women.

Methods: A cohort of 25 RSA patients and 25 normal pregnant women was recruited for the study. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis of decidual tissue was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).

Development of an indirect ELISA based on the VP1 protein for detection of antibodies against water buffalo Hunnivirus.

Buffalo hunnivirus (BufHuV) is an important pathogen, which can cause diarrhea in water buffaloes, and as yet, there are no vaccines and drugs for its prevention and control. Here we studied the immunogenicity and predicted the three-dimensional structure of the BufHuV VP1 protein, in order to establish a rapid and efficient serological assay for detection of its antibodies in the host. The N-terminal truncated gene, consisting of amino acids 5-117, was selected and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a (+) to obtain the recombinant plasmid, pET-32a-BufHuV-VP1-1.

Three-Dimensional Mesoporous Covalent Organic Framework for Photocatalytic Oxidative Dehydrogenation to Quinoline.

Developing precious metal-free catalysts for organic reactions under mild conditions is urgent. Herein, we report a three-dimensional covalent organic framework (3D-COF) with high crystallinity and permanent pores, termed 3D-TABPA-COF, for the oxidation of tetrahydroquinoline to quinoline. The 3D-TABPA-COF assembled based on ,-bis(4'-amino-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TABPA) is the catalytic active center for the conversion of tetrahydroquinoline.

Hemodynamic assessment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: comparison between invasive non-hyperemic pressure ratio and angiography-derived quantitative flow ratio.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the quantitative flow ratio (QFR) for hemodynamic exploration of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, using the invasive cerebrovascular pressure ratio (CVPR) and resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) as reference standards.

Materials And Methods: Patients with symptomatic unifocal intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis were included. The CVPR was defined as the ratio of the proximal and distal pressures.

Association of psoriasis disease with physical activity and exercise: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Psoriasis (Pso) is an inflammatory autoimmune skin disease. High BMI, and elevated body fat and body weight is associated with risk of Pso development. People with Pso have lower physical activity than people without Pso, so they are at higher risk for comorbidities and underlying disease.

Mapping rare protein-coding variants on multi-organ imaging traits.

Human organ structure and function are important endophenotypes for clinical outcomes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common variants associated with phenotypes derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and body. However, the role of rare protein-coding variations affecting organ size and function is largely unknown.

Enhanced T-cell activation and chemokine-associated function in CD14-positive cells from venous sinus blood in sub-acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

Background: Patients with sub-acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis experience (SA.CVST) severe symptoms compared to two other venous sinus-related diseases, including chronic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (C.CVST) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Clinical Effect Analysis and Prognostic Factors of Photodynamic Therapy for Cervical Precancerous Lesions.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on cervical precancerous lesions and prognostic factors.

Methods: 173 patients diagnosed with cervical precancerous lesions and treated with PDT were included. Univariate analysis was performed on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, patient age, number of treatments and number of medications before and after treatment, to evaluate the efficacy, adverse reactions and patient satisfaction.

A comprehensive pharmacokinetic strategy for systematic evaluation of whole interaction of different constituents in Astragali Radix -Fructus Corni to improve diabetic kidney disease.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Astragali-Radix (the dried root of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, AR) - Fructus Corni (the dried ripe fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., FC) has been used as a herb-pair remedy to treat diabetic kidney disease (DKD) for hundred years.

3D printing of drug delivery systems enhanced with micro/nano-technology.

Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are increasingly important in ensuring drug safety and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Micro/nano-technology has been utilized to develop DDSs for achieving high stability, bioavailability, and drug efficiency, as well as targeted delivery; meanwhile, 3D printing technology has made it possible to tailor DDSs with diverse components and intricate structures. This review presents the latest research progress integrating 3D printing technology and micro/nano-technology for developing novel DDSs.

Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-5-phenylaminoimidazoles through a Three-Component Reaction of Sulfur Ylides, Nitrosobenzenes, and Amidines.

A novel annulation reaction of amidines with sulfur ylides and nitrobenzenes has been developed, affording various novel 4-hydroxy-5-phenylaminoimidazoles in moderate to excellent yields. The 4-hydroxy-5-phenylaminoimidazoles have been further converted into α-ketoamide and imidazol-4-imine derivatives. Moreover, a plausible mechanism for this multicomponent reaction is proposed.

A wearable osmotic microneedle patch provides high-capacity sustained drug delivery in animal models.

The maintenance of stable plasma drug concentrations within a therapeutic window can be critical for drug efficacy. Here, we developed a wearable osmotic microneedle (OMN) patch to support sustained drug dosing for at least 24 hours without the use of electronic components. The OMN patch uses an osmotic pressure driving force to deliver drug solution into the skin through three hollow microneedles with diameters of less than 200 micrometers.

Syntheses and properties of energetic -pentazolate cocrystals.

As a new type of polynitrogen species that is stable at room temperature, the pentazolate anion (-N) has attracted much attention in the field of high-energy density materials, but its energy and stability are unbalanced. Cocrystallisation can balance their properties to some extent by forming new chemical compositions from existing -N compounds through non-covalent interactions. This article reviews the research progress of -N cocrystals in recent years, including synthetic methods, cocrystals of metal-N compounds, and cocrystals of nonmetallic pentazolate salts.