Impact of permissive hypercapnia on regional cerebral oxygen saturation and postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.

Background: Cardiac valve replacement (CVR) is currently the main surgical treatment for patients with valvular heart diseases (VHD). Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is one of the most serious complications of cardiac surgery. Permissive hypercapnia (PHC), an important lung-protective ventilation strategy, has protective effects on vital organs, including the heart, lungs, and central nervous system (CNS).

Salicylic acid application alleviates cadmium accumulation in brown rice by modulating its shoot to grain translocation in rice.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination, which poses a serious threat to human health, has been recognized as a major threat to the agricultural system and crop production. Salicylic acid (SA) is a signaling molecule that plays an important role in against Cd toxicity. Previously, we found that spraying rice with SA could reduce the Cd accumulation in rice grains grown in Cd-contaminated soil.

Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy.

Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has emerged as a versatile tool for studies of interfaces in biology and materials science with notable utility in biophysical and electrochemical measurements. The heart of the SICM is a nanometer-scale electrolyte filled glass pipette that serves as a scanning probe. In the initial conception, manipulations of ion currents through the tip of the pipette and appropriate positioning hardware provided a route to recording micro- and nanoscopic mapping of the topography of surfaces.

Dynamic Defense against Stealth Malware Propagation in Cyber-Physical Systems: A Game-Theoretical Framework.

Stealth malware is a representative tool of advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks, which poses an increased threat to cyber-physical systems (CPS) today. Due to the use of stealthy and evasive techniques, stealth malwares usually render conventional heavy-weight countermeasures inapplicable. Light-weight countermeasures, on the other hand, can help retard the spread of stealth malwares, but the ensuing side effects might violate the primary safety requirement of CPS.

Gas phase identification of the elusive oxaziridine (cyclo-HCONH) - an optically active molecule.

The hitherto elusive oxaziridine molecule (cyclo-HCONH) - an optically active, high energy isomer of nitrosomethane (CHNO) - is prepared in processed methane-nitrogen monoxide ices and detected upon sublimation in the gas phase. Electronic structure calculations reveal likely routes via addition of carbene (CH) to the nitrogen-oxygen double bond of nitrosyl hydride (HNO). Our findings provide a fundamental framework to explore the preparation and stability of racemic oxaziridines exploited in chiral substrate-controlled diastereoselective preparation such as Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, thus advancing our fundamental understanding of the preparation and chemical bonding of strained rings in small organic molecules.

Systematic review of radiomic biomarkers for predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment outcomes.

Background: Systemic therapy agents targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for use since 2011. This type of therapy aims to trigger a patient's immune response to attack tumor cells, rather than acting against the tumor directly. Radiomics is an automated method of medical image analysis that is now being actively investigated for predictive markers of treatment response in immunotherapy.

Bi-Layer Shortest-Path Network Interdiction Game for Internet of Things.

Network security is a crucial challenge facing Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems worldwide, which leads to serious safety alarms and great economic loss. This paper studies the problem of malicious interdicting network exploitation of IoT systems that are modeled as a bi-layer logical-physical network. In this problem, a virtual attack takes place at the logical layer (the layer of Things), while the physical layer (the layer of Internet) provides concrete support for the attack.

Corrigendum: Diverse Mobile Genetic Elements and Conjugal Transferability of Sulfonamide Resistance Genes () in Isolates From and Pork From Large Markets in Zhejiang, China.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.

Application of exogenous salicylic acid reduces Cd toxicity and Cd accumulation in rice.

Cd pollution in farmland is becoming a serious problem because it affects the safety of rice production and human health. Salicylic acid (SA) plays crucial roles in plant development and mediates plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. This study assessed the molecular and physiological mechanisms of SA spraying effects on Cd tolerance and Cd accumulation in rice.

Combination of metformin and cold atmospheric plasma induces glioma cell death to associate with c-Fos.

Glioma is the most common type of brain cancer. Chemotherapy combination with surgery and radiotherapy is a standard treatment for patients. Although there are many advances in glioma therapy, the prognosis of glioma patients has not significantly been improved over the past decades.

MicroRNAs as Important Regulators of Heat Stress Responses in Plants.

Heat stress is a major abiotic stress that significantly affects plant growth and productivity. Plants have, however, evolved complex adaptive mechanisms to cope with heat stress. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important molecules that regulate gene expression through the post-transcriptional degradation of target mRNA molecules or by repressing translation.

The elusive cyclotriphosphazene molecule and its Dewar benzene-type valence isomer (PN).

Although the chemistry of phosphorus and nitrogen has fascinated chemists for more than 350 years, the Hückel aromatic cyclotriphosphazene (PN, ) molecule-a key molecular building block in phosphorus chemistry-has remained elusive. Here, we report a facile, versatile pathway producing cyclotriphosphazene and its Dewar benzene-type isomer (PN, ) in ammonia-phosphine ices at 5 K exposed to ionizing radiation. Both isomers were detected in the gas phase upon sublimation via photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry and discriminated via isomer-selective photochemistry.

A bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer of publications on COVID-19.

Background: As a global pandemic, COVID-19 has aroused great concern in the last few months and a growing number of related researches have been published. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis of these publications may provide a direction of hot topics and future research trends.

Methods: The global literatures about COVID-19 published between 2019 and 2020 were scanned in the Web of Science collection database.

Silencing of RGS2 enhances hippocampal neuron regeneration and rescues depression-like behavioral impairments through activation of cAMP pathway.

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders with an increasing incidence. However, factors involved in depression are so complex, thus it is difficult to find effective strategies to reverse the impairments. This study aims to verify the role of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) in the mouse mode of unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behaviors.

Co-occurrence of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance and Sequence Type Diversity of Isolated From at Freshwater Farms, Seawater Farms, and Markets in Zhejiang Province, China.

is the leading cause of seafood-borne bacterial poisoning in China and is a threat to human health worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the antibiotic resistance profiles and distribution of heavy metal resistance of isolates from from freshwater farms, seawater farms, and their corresponding markets in Zhejiang, China and to assess the relationship between multidrug resistance (MDR) and multi-heavy metal resistance (MHMR). Of the 360 samples that we tested, 90 (25.

Correction of cilia structure and function alleviates multi-organ pathology in Bardet-Biedl syndrome mice.

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive ciliopathy affecting multiple organs. The development of potential disease-modifying therapy for BBS will require concurrent targeting of multi-systemic manifestations. Here, we show for the first time that monosialodihexosylganglioside accumulates in Bbs2-/- cilia, indicating impairment of glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism in BBS.

Salinomycin and Sulforaphane Exerted Synergistic Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Both salinomycin (SAL) and sulforaphane (SFN) exert their antitumorigenic effects in various types of cancer We investigated whether combining salinomycin (SAL, an antibiotic ionophore) with sulforaphane (SFN, a phytochemical) exerted synergistic antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro and in vivo by evaluating the proliferative and apoptotic responses of two CRC cell lines.

Materials And Methods: The combination index (CI) was calculated using the Chou-Talalay method, and the effects of the synergistic combination (CI<1) of lower doses of SAL and SFN were selected for further studies. Anti-tumor effect of the combination of SAL and SFN was tested both in vitro and in vivo.

The Role of Surface Termination in Halide Perovskites for Efficient Photocatalytic Synthesis.

Halide perovskites have received attention in the field of photocatalysis owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the semiconductor properties of halide perovskite surfaces and the influence on photocatalytic performance have not been systematically clarified. Now, the conversion of triose (such as 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA)) is employed as a model reaction to explore the surface termination of MAPbI .

Sulforaphane suppresses carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer through the ERK/Nrf2‑UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A metabolic axis activation.

The long pre‑cancerous state of colorectal cancer (CRC) provides an opportunity to prevent the occurrence and development of CRC. The detoxification of CRC food‑borne carcinogenic heterocyclic amines is highly dependent on UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A)‑mediated glucuronidation. Sulforaphane (SFN), a phytochemical, possesses antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects on the prevention of CRC.

The surface stress of biomedical silicones is a stimulant of cellular response.

Silicones are commonly used for lubrication of syringes, encapsulation of medical devices, and fabrication of surgical implants. While silicones are generally viewed as relatively inert to the cellular milieu, they can mediate a variety of inflammatory responses and other deleterious effects, but the mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of silicones remain unresolved. Here, we report that silicone liquids and gels have high surface stresses that can strongly resist deformation at cellular length scales.

Sensitivity and Responses of Chloroplasts to Heat Stress in Plants.

Increased temperatures caused by global warming threaten agricultural production, as warmer conditions can inhibit plant growth and development or even destroy crops in extreme circumstances. Extensive research over the past several decades has revealed that chloroplasts, the photosynthetic organelles of plants, are highly sensitive to heat stress, which affects a variety of photosynthetic processes including chlorophyll biosynthesis, photochemical reactions, electron transport, and CO assimilation. Important mechanisms by which plant cells respond to heat stress to protect these photosynthetic organelles have been identified and analyzed.

Single-molecule investigations of T-cell activation.

T-cell activation is the central event governing its development, differentiation, and effector functions. T-cell activation is initiated by the direct physical interaction of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) with cognate peptide presented by the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecule expressed on the antigen presenting cell (APC) surface. Since the identification of TCR as the only receptor for antigen on T cells three decades ago, studies have elucidated the major molecular players and signaling events responding to TCR stimulation.

Stacking Effects on Electron-Phonon Coupling in Layered Hybrid Perovskites Microstrain Manipulation.

Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites (ABX), especially layered 2D perovskites, have been recognized as promising semiconductors due to their tunable crystal structure and unique optoelectronic properties. A-site cations, as spacers, allow various metal halide assemblies, but the stacking pattern and the influence of their collective behavior on the properties of the resultant materials remain ambiguous. Here, the cation-stacking effects in the 2D perovskite single crystals, with a focus on the electron-phonon interaction, are investigated.