Urea promotes alkaline anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge for hydrogen production.

Hydrogen production from waste activated sludge (WAS) represents a promising pathway for sustainable energy generation. This study explores the impact of urea on enhancing hydrogen production during alkaline fermentation of WAS, with the aim of reducing alkali use. Experimental results revealed that treating WAS with 90 mg/g VSS urea at a constant pH of 9.

Electrochemical oxidation of copper-clad laminate for manufacturing printed circuit boards via bioleaching by the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

The leaching and electrochemical oxidation of the copper-clad laminate for manufacturing printed circuit boards were investigated in systems with and without the fungus P. chrysosporium, which yielded the copper-leaching efficiencies of 54% and 7.0%, respectively.