Multiobjective Optimization Strategy for Enhancing the Efficiency and Quality of Organic Thin-Film Manufacturing with Electrohydrodynamic Atomization Coating.

Electrohydrodynamic atomization coating technology is well-suited for micro-/nanoscale thin-film additive manufacturing. However, there are still some challenges in quality control and parameter adjustment during the coating process. Especially when coating on nonconductive and nonhydrophilic substrates, film quality and thickness uniformity are difficult to control.

A Full-Process, Fine-Grained, and Quantitative Rehabilitation Assessment Platform Enabled by On-Skin Sensors and Multi-Task Gait Transformer Model.

Rehabilitation of patients with lower limb movement disorders is a gradual process, which requires full-process assessments to guide the implementation of rehabilitation plans. However, the current methods can only complete the assessment in one stage and lack objective and quantitative assessment strategies. Here, a full-process, fine-grained, and quantitative rehabilitation assessments platform (RAP) supported by on-skin sensors and a multi-task gait transformer (MG-former) model for patients with lower limb movement disorders is developed.

Hoffmeister Effect Optimized Hydrogel Electrodes with Enhanced Electrical and Mechanical Properties for Nerve Conduction Studies.

Flexible epidermal electrodes hold substantial promise in realizing human electrophysiological information collections. Conventional electrodes exhibit certain limitations, including the requirement of skin pretreatment, reliance on external object-assisted fixation, and a propensity of dehydration, which severely hinder their applications in medical diagnosis. To tackle those issues, we developed a hydrogel electrode with both transcutaneous stimulation and neural signal acquisition functions.

Injectable ultrasonic sensor for wireless monitoring of intracranial signals.

Direct and precise monitoring of intracranial physiology holds immense importance in delineating injuries, prognostication and averting disease. Wired clinical instruments that use percutaneous leads are accurate but are susceptible to infection, patient mobility constraints and potential surgical complications during removal. Wireless implantable devices provide greater operational freedom but include issues such as limited detection range, poor degradation and difficulty in size reduction in the human body.

Transient charge-driven 3D conformal printing via pulsed-plasma impingement.

Seamless integration of microstructures and circuits on three-dimensional (3D) complex surfaces is of significance and is catalyzing the emergence of many innovative 3D curvy electronic devices. However, patterning fine features on arbitrary 3D targets remains challenging. Here, we propose a facile charge-driven electrohydrodynamic 3D microprinting technique that allows micron- and even submicron-scale patterning of functional inks on a couple of 3D-shaped dielectrics via an atmospheric-pressure cold plasma jet.

Programmable, High-resolution Printing of Spatially Graded Perovskites for Multispectral Photodetectors.

Micro/nanostructured perovskites with spatially graded compositions and bandgaps are promising in filter-free, chip-level multispectral, and hyperspectral detection. However, achieving high-resolution patterning of perovskites with controlled graded compositions is challenging. Here, a programmable mixed electrohydrodynamic printing (M-ePrinting) technique is presented to realize the one-step direct-printing of arbitrary spatially graded perovskite micro/nanopatterns for the first time.

Flexible sensors with zero Poisson's ratio.

Flexible sensors have been developed for the perception of various stimuli. However, complex deformation, usually resulting from forces or strains from multi-axes, can be challenging to measure due to the lack of independent perception of multiaxial stimuli. Herein, flexible sensors based on the metamaterial membrane with zero Poisson's ratio (ZPR) are proposed to achieve independent detection of biaxial stimuli.

Preparation of high-resolution micro/nano dot array by electrohydrodynamic jet printing with enhanced uniformity.

The high-resolution array is the basic structure of most kinds of microelectronics. Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-Jet) printing technology is widely applied in manufacturing array structures with high resolution, high material compatibility and multi-modal printing. It is still challenging to acquire high uniformity of printed array with micro-nanometer resolution, which greatly influences the performance and lifetime of the microelectronics.

Magnetic soft microfiberbots for robotic embolization.

Cerebral aneurysms and brain tumors are leading life-threatening diseases worldwide. By deliberately occluding the target lesion to reduce the blood supply, embolization has been widely used clinically to treat cerebral aneurysms and brain tumors. Conventional embolization is usually performed by threading a catheter through blood vessels to the target lesion, which is often limited by the poor steerability of the catheter in complex neurovascular networks, especially in submillimeter regions.

Lattice Boltzmann Study of Microdroplet Evaporation Process in Pixel Pits.

Inkjet printing has the advantages of high material utilization, low cost, and large-area production and is a promising manufacturing technology for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. However, the droplet evaporation in micron-size pixel pits is highly influenced by the pit wall. Such a process is extremely difficult to control, leading to the appearance of defects such as the coffee ring in the printing process of OLED displays.

On-skin biosensors for noninvasive monitoring of postoperative free flaps and replanted digits.

Severe soft tissue defects and amputated digits are clinically common injuries. Primary treatments include surgical free flap transfer and digit replantation, but these can fail because of vascular compromise. Postoperative monitoring is therefore crucial for timely detection of vessel obstruction and survival of replanted digits and free flaps.

Apollo: Adaptive Polar Lattice-Based Local Obstacle Avoidance and Motion Planning for Automated Vehicles.

The motion planning module is the core module of the automated vehicle software system, which plays a key role in connecting its preceding element, i.e., the sensing module, and its following element, i.

Monitoring the delicate operations of surgical robots via ultra-sensitive ionic electronic skin.

The arrival of surgical robots in high-end medical equipment is a landmark, and the realization of tactile sensation a major challenge in this important cutting-edge research field. Aiming to address this issue, we present ultra-sensitive ionic electronic skin in the form of flexible capacitive pressure sensors, which incorporate multistage bionic microstructures in ion gels for the purpose of monitoring the delicate operations of surgical robots. Significantly, the ionic skin exhibits an ultra-high sensitivity of 9484.

A high-adaptability nozzle-array printing system based on a set covering printing planning model for printed display manufacturing.

Inkjet printing technology is expected to enhance printed display mass production technology in the future. Nozzle-array printheads form the basis for printed display mass production applications. However, jet instability caused by air bubble entrapment and nozzle wettability changes during the printing process is a major challenge in the application of this technology.

Mode-tunable, micro/nanoscale electrohydrodynamic deposition techniques for optoelectronic device fabrication.

The rapid development of fascinating new optoelectronic materials and devices calls for the innovative production of micro/nanostructures in a high-resolution, large-scale, low-cost fashion, preferably compatible with flexible/wearable applications. Powerful electrohydrodynamic (EHD) deposition techniques, which generate micro/nanostructures using high electrical forces, exhibit unique advantages in high printing resolution (<1 μm), tunable printing modes (electrospray for films, electrospinning for fibers and EHD jet printing for dots), and wide material applicability (viscosity 1-10 000 cps), making them attractive in the fabrication of high-density and high-tech optoelectronic devices. This review highlights recent advances related to EHD-deposited optoelectronics, ranging from solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes, to transparent electrodes, with detailed descriptions of the EHD-based jetting mechanism, ink formulation requirements and corresponding jetting modes to obtain functional micro/nanostructures.

High density, addressable electrohydrodynamic printhead made of a silicon plate and polymer nozzle structure.

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is a promising micro/nanofabrication technique, due to its ultra-high resolution and wide material applicability. However, it suffers from low printing efficiency which urgently calls for a high density and addressable nozzle array. This paper presents a nozzle array chip made of a silicon plate and polymer nozzle structure, where the large silicon plate is conducive to a uniform spatial electric field distribution, and the polymer SU8 nozzle can inhibit tip discharge due to its insulating character and liquid flooding as SU8 is hydrophobic.

Fin-TS and Fix-TS on fractional quaternion delayed neural networks with uncertainty via establishing a new Caputo derivative inequality approach.

This paper investigates the finite time synchronization (Fin-TS) and fixed time synchronization (Fix-TS) issues on Caputo quaternion delayed neural networks (QDNNs) with uncertainty. A new Caputo fractional differential inequality is constructed, then Fix-TS settling time of the positive definite function is estimated, which is very convenient to derive Fix-TS condition to Caputo QDNNs. By designing the appropriate self feedback and adaptive controllers, the algebraic discriminant conditions to achieve Fin-TS and Fix-TS on Caputo QDNNs are proposed based on quaternion direct method, Lyapunov stability theory, extended Cauchy Schwartz inequality, Jensen inequality.

Flexible hybrid electronics: Enabling integration techniques and applications.

The conventional electronic systems enabled by rigid electronic are prone to malfunction under deformation, greatly limiting their application prospects. As an emerging platform for applications in healthcare monitoring and human-machine interface (HMI), flexible electronics have attracted growing attention due to its remarkable advantages, such as stretchability, flexibility, conformability, and wearing comfort. However, to realize the overall electronic systems, rigid components are also required for functions such as signal acquisition and transmission.

Flexible Metamaterial Electronics.

Over the last decade, extensive efforts have been made on utilizing advanced materials and structures to improve the properties and functionalities of flexible electronics. While the conventional ways are approaching their natural limits, a revolutionary strategy, namely metamaterials, is emerging toward engineering structural materials to break the existing fetters. Metamaterials exhibit supernatural physical behaviors, in aspects of mechanical, optical, thermal, acoustic, and electronic properties that are inaccessible in natural materials, such as tunable stiffness or Poisson's ratio, manipulating electromagnetic or elastic waves, and topological and programmable morphability.

Critical Size/Viscosity for Coffee-Ring-Free Printing of Perovskite Micro/Nanopatterns.

Inkjet printing is the most encouraging method for patterning and integrating perovskite materials into microminiature application scenarios. However, it is still challenging to achieve high-resolution, coffee-ring-free, and perfect crystallized patterns. Here, a strategy based on powerful electrohydrodynamic printing and droplet viscosity-size coordinate regulation is developed to solve the above problems.

Multidimensional Force Sensors Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Electronic Skin.

The ability to detect multidimensional forces is highly desired for electronic skin (E-skin) sensors. Here, based on single-electrode-mode triboelectric nanogenerators (S-TENGs), fully elastic E-skin that can simultaneously sense normal pressure and shear force has been proposed. With the hemispherical curve-structure design and further structural optimization, the pressure sensor exhibits a high linearity and sensitivity of 144.

Positioning Error Limit for the Last Droplet Deposition into a Microcavity in the Manufacture of Printed OLEDs.

In the manufacture of the emissive layer and the encapsulation layer of organic light-emitting diode panels, inkjet printing has the advantages of high material utilization, low cost, flexibility in patterning, and large-area production. Especially for emissive layer printing, the micro-pixel array brings a higher requirement of droplet positioning accuracy and volume of the liquid in a pixel. To achieve a uniform deposit morphology, several droplets are usually needed in the inkjet printing of emissive layers.

Weighted Feature Histogram of Multi-Scale Local Patch Using Multi-Bit Binary Descriptor for Face Recognition.

Most face recognition methods employ single-bit binary descriptors for face representation. The information from these methods is lost in the process of quantization from real-valued descriptors to binary descriptors, which greatly limits their robustness for face recognition. In this study, we propose a novel weighted feature histogram (WFH) method of multi-scale local patches using multi-bit binary descriptors for face recognition.

Laser-Induced Interfacial Spallation for Controllable and Versatile Delamination of Flexible Electronics.

The control of interface status is greatly critical to release large-area, ultrathin flexible electronics from the donor wafer to achieve mechanical flexibility. This paper discovers a laser-induced interfacial spallation process for controllable and versatile delamination of polyimide (PI) films from transparent substrates and makes a comprehensive mechanism study of the controllability of interfacial delamination after laser irradiations. Microscopic observations show that backside irradiations will result in the formation of nanocavities around the PI-glass interface, enabling a significant decrease in interface adhesion.