Involvement of intestinal mucosal microbiota in adenine-induced liver function injury.

Adenine is frequently utilized as a model medication for chronic renal disease. Adenine can affect organs other than the kidneys, including the heart and the intestine. The liver is a vital organ involved in the in vivo metabolism of adenine.

Lingguizhugan decoction alleviates obesity in rats on a high-fat diet through the regulation of lipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota.

Background: Individuals with obesity often experience elevated blood lipid levels, leading to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, exacerbating liver oxidative stress, and increasing the risk of various metabolic diseases. Recent evidence suggests that intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play crucial roles in the development and progression of obesity. While the mechanisms by which Lingguizhugan decoction (LGZGD) intervenes in obesity by improving lipid metabolism, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and reducing inflammatory responses are well-documented, its potential in intestinal microbiota and SCFAs remains unclear.

Decreasing of Trimethylamine N-Oxide by Cecal Microbiota and Choline-Trimethylamine Lyase are Associated with Sishen Pill on Diarrhea with Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome.

Background: Sishen Pill (SSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription commonly used to treat diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. The aim was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of SSP's therapeutic effects, providing experimental evidence for its mechanism of action.

Methods: A mouse model of diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome was induced using adenine combined with .

Lipid-lowering and antioxidant effects of fermented liquor: a study on intestinal microbiota and brain-gut axis in mice.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the effects of fermented liquor (PFL) on improving lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in mice by regulating the gut microbiota.

Methods: Forty SPF-grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (NC), general liquor group (GC), fresh fermented liquor group (FPC), and nine-steam-nine-bask fermented liquor group (NPC). Each group was administered with sterile water, general liquor, fresh fermented liquor, and nine-steam-nine-bask fermented liquor, respectively, by gavage.

TMAO is involved in kidney-yang deficiency syndrome diarrhea by mediating the "gut-kidney axis".

Background: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a harmful metabolite dependent on the intestinal microbiota and excreted through the kidneys. According to numerous investigations, rich circulation concentrations of TMAO have been linked to kidney and gastrointestinal disorders. Through the "gut-kidney axis" mediated by TMAO, this research attempted to clarify the microbiological causes of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome diarrhea.

Shenling Baizhu powder attenuates lard diet in a fatigued state-induced diarrhea via targeting microbial metabolites short chain fatty acids-mediated lipid metabolism.

Shenling Baizhu Powder (SLBZP), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription renowned for its efficacy, is specifically recognized for its therapeutic effects in managing diarrhea associated with spleen qi deficiency. Our previous research has demonstrated that a lard diet in a fatigued state induced diarrhea belonging to spleen qi deficiency in TCM. Through a comprehensive investigation, we aimed to provide insights into the intricate relationship between SLBZP and the modulation of gut microbiota in alleviating symptoms associated with spleen qi deficiency-induced diarrhea.

Unlocking the therapeutic potential of Huoxiang Zhengqi San in cold and high humidity-induced diarrhea: Insights into intestinal microbiota modulation and digestive enzyme activity.

Huoxiang Zhengqi San (HXZQS), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, enjoys widespread use in Chinese medicine to treat diarrhea with cold-dampness trapped spleen syndrome (CDSS), which is induced by exposure to cold and high humidity stress. This study aimed to explore its therapeutic mechanisms in mice, particularly focusing on the intestinal microbiota. Forty male SPF-grade KM mice were allocated into two groups: the normal control group (H-Cc, n = 10) and the CDSS group (H-Mc, n = 30).

Sishen Pill inhibits intestinal inflammation in diarrhea mice via regulating kidney-intestinal bacteria-metabolic pathway.

Background: Sishen Pill (SSP) has good efficacy in diarrhea with deficiency kidney-yang syndrome (DKYS), but the mechanism of efficacy involving intestinal microecology has not been elucidated.

Objective: This study investigated the mechanism of SSP in regulating intestinal microecology in diarrhea with DKYS.

Methods: Adenine combined with was used to construct a mouse model of diarrhea with DKYS and administered with SSP.

Targeting the Gut-Kidney Axis in Diarrhea with Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome: The Role of Sishen Pills in Regulating TMAO-Mediated Inflammatory Response.

BACKGROUND Sishen Pills (SSPs) are commonly used to treat diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is produced through the metabolism of gut microbiota and can participate in diarrhea in kidney-yang deficiency syndrome by mediating the "gut-kidney axis" to transmit inflammatory factors. This study combined network pharmacology with animal experiments to explore whether SSPs can treat diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome by affecting the interaction between TMAO and gut microbiota.

Dysfunction of cecal microbiota and CutC activity in mice mediating diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome.

Objective: Previous studies have indicated that diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome leads to a disorder of small intestine contents and mucosal microbiota. However, the relationship of TMA-lyase (CutC) activity and TMAO with diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome remains unexplored. Therefore, this study explores the relationship between cecal microbiota and choline TMA-lyase (CutC) activity, as well as the correlation between trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), inflammatory index, and CutC activity.

Adenine's impact on mice's gut and kidney varies with the dosage administered and relates to intestinal microorganisms and enzyme activities.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dosages of adenine on intestinal microorganisms and enzyme activities, laying the experimental groundwork for subsequent exploration of the microbial mechanisms underlying diarrhea with kidney yang deficiency syndrome. Twenty-four mice were assigned to the following four groups: the control (NC) group, low-dosage adenine (NML) group, middle-dosage adenine (NMM) group, and high-dosage adenine (NMH) group. Mice in the NML, NMM, and NMH groups received 25 mg/(kg·d), 50 mg/(kg·d), and 100 mg/(kg·d) of adenine, respectively, 0.

Intestinal mucosal microbiota mediate amino acid metabolism involved in the gastrointestinal adaptability to cold and humid environmental stress in mice.

Growing evidence has demonstrated that cold and humid environmental stress triggers gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. In this study, we explored the effects of intestinal microbiota homeostasis on the intestinal mucus barrier and GI disorders by cold and humid environmental stress. Moreover, the inner link between the intestinal mucosal microbiota and metabolites in mice with cold and humid environmental stress was interpreted by integrative analysis of PacBio HiFi sequencing microbial genomics and targeted metabolomics.

The dysfunction in intestinal microorganisms and enzyme activity as significant contributors to diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome.

Object: To investigate the pathogenesis of diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome by examining characteristic changes in intestinal microorganisms, enzyme activities, oxidative stress, and metabolism indices.

Methods: Twenty mice were randomly and equally divided into control group (NC) and model group (NM). Mice in NM group received adenine suspension at a dosage of 50 mg/(kg⋅day) by gavage, 0.

Evaluation of toxicological effects of chemical substances by gut microbiota: The example of adenine damage to the kidney and gut.

This study explored the effects of different doses of adenine intake on mice in terms of kidney function, oxidative stress and gut content microbiota to elucidate interactions between adenine-induced kidney function impairment and gut content microbiota disorder. Mice were gavaged with low-dosage adenine suspension (NML), middle-dosage adenine suspension (NMM), high-dosage adenine suspension (NMH) and sterile water (NC). Behaviour, kidney structure and function, colonic structure, oxidative stress and gut content microbiota were detected.

S. Lee Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in HO-Treated Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mouse Retinas.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of visual disorders in the aged population and is characterized by the formation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) deposits and dysfunction/death of the RPE and photoreceptors. It is supposed that both oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AMD. The development of therapeutic strategies against oxidative stress and inflammation in AMD is urgently needed.

Exploring global research status and trends in anti-obesity effects of traditional Chinese medicine through intestinal microbiota: a bibliometric study.

Background: The intestinal microbiota (IM) has been found to contribute to metabolic disorders that lead to excessive fat accumulation, systemic and chronic low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance in the host. Current research highlights a pivotal interaction between IM and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in mitigating obesity-related diseases. Undeniably, IM stands as a central focus in TCM research aimed at preventing and treating obesity.

Alterations in intestinal microbiota and enzyme activities under cold-humid stress: implications for diarrhea in cold-dampness trapped spleen syndrome.

Introduction: Cold and humid environments alter the intestinal microbiota, and the role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of diarrhea associated with cold-dampness trapped spleen syndrome in Chinese medicine is unclear.

Methods: The 30 mice were randomly divided into normal and model groups, with the model group being exposed to cold and humid environmental stresses for 7 days. Then, mouse intestinal contents were collected and analyzed their intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes.

Chinese medicine, Qijudihuang pill, mediates cholesterol metabolism and regulates gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice, implications for age-related macular degeneration.

Background: Traditional Chinese Medicines have been used for thousands of years but without any sound empirical basis. One such preparation is the Qijudihuang pill (QP), a mixture of eight herbs, that has been used in China for the treatment of various conditions including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness in the aged population. In order to explain the mechanism behind the effect of QP, we used an AMD model of high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice to investigate cholesterol homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation and gut microbiota.

Zhishi Daozhi decoction alleviates constipation induced by a high-fat and high-protein diet via regulating intestinal mucosal microbiota and oxidative stress.

Background: A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that a high-fat and high-protein diet (HFHPD) causes constipation. This study focuses on understanding how the use of Zhishi Daozhi decoction (ZDD) affects the intricate balance of intestinal microorganisms. The insights gained from this investigation hold the potential to offer practical clinical approaches to mitigate the constipation-related issues associated with HFHPD.

Association of Short-Chain Fatty Acids with Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in Mice with Diarrhea Induced by High-Fat Diet in a Fatigued State.

Scope: Preliminary research finds that a high-fat diet (HFD) in a fatigued state triggers diarrhea, but the exact mechanism has not been clarified. To address concerns about the pathogenesis of diarrhea, the study evaluates the composition and metabolomics of the gut microbiota.

Methods And Results: The study uses the multiple platform apparatus device to induce fatigue in mice, combined with intragastric administration of lard-caused diarrhea.

Diarrhea accompanies intestinal inflammation and intestinal mucosal microbiota dysbiosis during fatigue combined with a high-fat diet.

Objective: It was reported fatigue or a high-fat diet triggers diarrhea, and intestinal microbiota may play central roles in diarrhea. Therefore, we investigated the association between the intestinal mucosal microbiota and the intestinal mucosal barrier from fatigue combined with a high-fat diet.

Method: This study divided the Specific pathogen-free (SPF) male mice into the normal group (MCN) and the standing united lard group (MSLD).

Baohe pill decoction treats diarrhea induced by high-fat and high-protein diet by regulating lactase-producing bacteria in intestinal mucosa.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Baohe pill decoction (BPD) on microbial, lactase activity, and lactase-producing bacteria in the intestinal mucosa of mice with diarrhea induced by high-fat and high-protein diet (HFHPD).

Methods: Thirty male Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into normal (NM), model (MD), and BPD groups. Diarrhea models were manufactured using HFHPD combined with a gavage of vegetable oil.