Effect of α7 nAChR-autophagy axis of deciduous tooth pulp stem cells in regulating IL-1β in the process of physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth.

Physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth is a normal phenomenon occurring during the developmental stages of children. Previous research has indicated the pivotal role of the inflammatory microenvironment in this process, although the specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study is aimed at elucidating the involvement of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChR)-autophagy axis in the regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment during physiological root resorption in deciduous teeth.

Small Extracellular Vesicles Laden Oxygen-Releasing Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Enhanced Antibacterial Therapy against Anaerobe-Induced Periodontitis Alveolar Bone Defect.

Periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic destructive inflammatory disease that leads to irreversible destruction of the tooth supporting structure, including connective tissue destruction, bone resorption, and even tooth loss. Until now, there has been no effective treatment to repair inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis. Recently, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) emerged as the essential paracrine factors of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that mediated tissue regeneration.

Caesarean-section delivery and caries risk of 3-year-old Chinese children: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Caesarean-section (C-section) may influence children's long-term health by affecting bacterial colonization. However, few studies have focused on the association between C-section delivery (CSD) and dental caries, and previous conclusions have been conflicting. This study aimed to explore whether CSD would increase the risk of early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children in China.

Laser doppler flowmetry to detect pulp vitality, clinical reference range and coincidence rate for pulpal blood flow in permanent maxillary incisors in Chinese children: a clinical study.

Background: A laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) test can reflect the pulp vitality caused by the change in pulp blood flow (PBF). This study aimed to investigate the PBF of the permanent maxillary incisors using LDF and to calculate the clinical reference range and coincidence rate for pulp vitality using PBF as an indicator.

Methods: School-age children (7-12 years) were recruited randomly.

Inhibitory effects of Stevioside on and dual-species biofilm.

Introduction: is the most prevalent biofilm-forming pathogen in dental caries, while is often detected in the presence of .

Methods: We aimed to evaluate the anti-caries effect of stevioside in medium trypticase soy broth (TSB) with or without sucrose supplementation compared with the same sweetness sucrose and xylitol in a dual-species model of and , based on planktonic growth, crystal violet assay, acid production, biofilm structural imaging, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and RNA sequencing.

Results: Our results showed that compared with sucrose, stevioside significantly inhibited planktonic growth and acid production, changed the structure of the mixed biofilm, and reduced the viability of biofilm and the production of extracellular polysaccharides in dual-species biofilm.

The potential therapeutic role of extracellular vesicles in critical-size bone defects: Spring of cell-free regenerative medicine is coming.

In recent years, the incidence of critical-size bone defects has significantly increased. Critical-size bone defects seriously affect patients' motor functions and quality of life and increase the need for additional clinical treatments. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has made great progress in repairing critical-size bone defects.

Impaired autophagy flux by lncRNA NEAT1 is critical for inflammation factors production in human periodontal ligament stem cells with nicotine treatment.

Background And Objectives: Periodontitis is the top reason for tooth loss, and smoking significantly increases severe periodontitis risk. Defective autophagy has been reported to play a vital role in periodontitis. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between autophagy and inflammation factors production in nicotine-treated periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and the underlying mechanism.

Enhanced conservation of vital pulp and apical tissues by the application of crown rotation surgery for inversely impacted central incisors: A follow-up analysis of two patients over 4 years.

Aim: To describe a novel surgical method (crown rotation surgery) to manage inversely impacted central incisors with immature roots.

Methodology: Two young patients each presented with an inversely impacted maxillary central incisor. To protect the apical tissues, the two impacted incisors were rotated downwards to a relatively normal position without extraction from their bony sockets.

Development of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with periodontitis in early pregnancy: A population-based clinical study.

Aim: This study aimed to determine whether periodontitis in early pregnancy and periodontal therapy during gestation affect the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) through a population-based clinical study.

Materials And Methods: Subjects without periodontitis at 1-4 weeks of gestation who met our inclusion criteria were enrolled in the non-periodontitis group. Periodontitis patients who agreed or refused to receive periodontal therapy during pregnancy were separately enrolled in the periodontitis treated or untreated group.

Nicotine regulates autophagy of human periodontal ligament cells through α7 nAchR that promotes secretion of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-8.

Background: Nicotine is an important risk factor and the main toxic component associated with periodontitis. However, the mechanism of nicotine induced periodontitis is not clear. To investigated the mechanism through which nicotine regulates autophagy of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) through the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) and how autophagy further regulates the release of IL-1β and IL-8 secretion in hPDLCs.

Noncanonical Amino Acids for Hypoxia-Responsive Peptide Self-Assembly and Fluorescence.

Design of endogenous stimuli-responsive amino acids allows for precisely modulating proteins or peptides under a biological microenvironment and thereby regulating their performance. Herein we report a noncanonical amino acid 2-nitroimidazol-1-yl alanine and explore its functions in creation of the nitroreductase (NTR)-responsive peptide-based supramolecular probes for efficient hypoxia imaging. On the basis of the reduction potential of the nitroimidazole unit, the amino acid was synthesized via the Mitsunobu reaction between 2-nitroimidazole and a serine derivate.

Treatment of a Young Maxillary Central Incisor with Two Root Canals: A Case Report.

Currently, the common treatment for pulpitis and periapical diseases is root canal treatment. However, the complex variations of root canal system often affect the effect of root canal treatment and even lead to treatment failure. Therefore, it is of great significance for dentists to emphasize the diversity of root canal morphology and to be familiar with the anatomical morphology of root canal to improve the success rate of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

In situ rotation surgery for correction of growing, inversely impacted maxillary central incisors.

Treatment of an impacted incisor with a dilacerated root is challenging for clinicians because of the position of the impacted incisor, the abnormality of the root, unfavorable prognosis, and, especially, the long treatment duration. We report on 2 young patients who had inversely impacted maxillary central incisors with developing labially dilacerated roots. Both patients were treated by a novel surgical approach, in situ rotation, by which the crowns of the inversely impacted incisors were carefully rotated to a relatively normal position, whereas the apical location remained relatively unchanged.

Simultaneous incorporation of PTH(1-34) and nano-hydroxyapatite into Chitosan/Alginate Hydrogels for efficient bone regeneration.

Tissue regeneration based on the utilization of artificial soft materials is considered a promising treatment for bone-related diseases. Here, we report cranial bone regeneration promoted by hydrogels that contain parathyroid hormone (PTH) peptide PTH(1-34) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP). A combination of the positively charged natural polymer chitosan (CS) and negatively charged sodium alginate led to the formation of hydrogels with porous structures, as shown by scanning electron microscopy.

Advancing application of mesenchymal stem cell-based bone tissue regeneration.

Reconstruction of bone defects, especially the critical-sized defects, with mechanical integrity to the skeleton is important for a patient's rehabilitation, however, it still remains challenge. Utilizing biomaterials of human origin bone tissue for therapeutic purposes has provided a facilitated approach that closely mimics the critical aspects of natural bone tissue with regard to its properties. However, not only efficacious and safe but also cost-effective and convenient are important for regenerative biomaterials to achieve clinical translation and commercial success.

Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Adaptable Self-Assembly of Peptides toward Advanced Biomaterials.

Precise control over self-assembly of peptides into adaptable nanostructures allows for emulating the dynamic organization of natural proteins and their sophisticated biological functions. Utilization of disease biomarkers as internal stimuli for manipulating the self-assembly of peptides bestows their adaptable features with a spatiotemporal resolution to satisfy the requirement of the performance of biomaterials. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) consisting of reactive ions or free radicals are overexpressed by pathological lesions and have been recognized as one of conventional biomarkers for disease progression.

Inflammation has synergistic effect with nicotine in periodontitis by up-regulating the expression of α7 nAChR via phosphorylated GSK-3β.

Periodontitis is the leading cause of adult tooth loss, and those who smoke are at an increased risk of developing periodontitis. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is proposed to mediate the potential synergistic effect of nicotine and inflammation in smoking-related periodontitis. However, this has not been experimentally demonstrated.

Mechanical Stress Modulates the RANKL/OPG System of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via 7 nAChR in Human Deciduous Teeth: An In Vitro Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) modulate root resorption of human deciduous teeth under mechanical stress. In this investigation, the PDLSCs were derived from deciduous and permanent teeth at different stages of root resorption. A cyclic hydraulic pressure was applied on the PDLSCs to mimic chewing forces in the oral environment.

[Mechano-growth factor regulated cyclic stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation and MMP-1, MMP-2 expression in human periodontal ligament cells by activating the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway].

Purpose: To explore the role and mechanism of mechano-growth factor (MGF) in cyclic stretch (CS)-induced osteogenic differentiation and MMP-1, MMP-2 expression in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).

Methods: HPDLCs were isolated and transfected with si-MGF, or stimulated with MGF or MEK/ERK pathway inhibitor U0126. Cells were cultured in Flexercell system with 10% elongation at 0.

Facile large-area autofocusing Raman mapping system for 2D material characterization.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted tremendous research interests due to their intriguing properties and promising applications. As one of the most typical 2D material characterization methods, however, the conventional Raman mapping only works within few-hundreds micrometers range at a time due to the focus depth constraint and the non-ideal level of the substrate. To implement wafer-scale Raman scanning, large-area autofocusing Raman mapping (LARM) is highly desirable.

Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by an Inflammatory Microenvironment Affects the Myogenic Differentiation Capacity of Human Laryngeal Mucosa Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Various microenvironments influence the multiple differentiation potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. For example, inflammatory microenvironment can suppress the myogenic differentiation capability of laryngeal mucosa mesenchymal stromal cells (LM-MSCs). The present study therefore sought to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating these processes.

[A preliminary study on the autophagy level of human periodontal ligament cells regulated by nicotine].

Objective: To explore the effect of nicotine on the autophagy level of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).

Methods: Periodontal tissues collected from premolars for orthodontic treatment reasons were used to culture hPDLCs. Western blot analysis was performed to test the most optimal time and concentration of nicotine on the autophagy level of the hPDLCs.

The Alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor of Deciduous Dental Pulp Stem Cells Regulates Osteoclastogenesis During Physiological Root Resorption.

The physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth is a normal phenomenon, but the mechanisms underlying this process are still unclear. In this study, deciduous dental pulp stem cells (DDPSCs) and permanent dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were derived from deciduous teeth and normal permanent teeth at different stages of resorption. In the middle stage of root resorption, DDPSCs exhibited an increase in the ability to induce osteoclast differentiation.