Effect of different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains on hairy root induction and analysis of metabolites in Physalis peruviana L.

Physalis peruviana L. (P. peruviana) is an edible medicinal plant rich in bioactive phenolics.

Effects of pesticide dichlorvos on liver injury in rats and related toxicity mechanisms.

Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphorus pesticide commonly utilized in agricultural production. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to DDVP correlates with an increased incidence of liver disease. However, data regarding the hepatotoxicity of DDVP remain limited.

Modular Synthesis of Planar-Chiral Cyclononenes via -Retentive Trapping of π-Allyl-Pd Dipoles.

-cycloalkenes are abundant in bioactive natural products and have been used as powerful tools in chemical biology and drug discovery. However, strategies for the modular synthesis of -cycloalkenes, especially planar-chiral medium-sized ones, with high efficiency and selectivity, still remain elusive. Herein, we report a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric [7 + 2] cyclization strategy to address this challenge.

Artificial biomarker-based feedback-regulated personalized and precise thrombolysis with lower hemorrhagic risk.

The body weight-based thrombolytic medication strategy in clinical trials shows critical defects in recanalization rate and post-thrombolysis hemorrhage. Methods for perceiving thrombi heterogeneity of thrombolysis resistance is urgently needed for precise thrombolysis. Here, we revealed the relationship between the thrombin heterogeneity and the thrombolysis resistance in thrombi and created an artificial biomarker-based nano-patrol system with robotic functional logic to perceive and report the thrombolysis resistance of thrombi.

Targeting the Hh and Hippo pathways by miR-7 suppresses the development of insect wings.

Wings are important organs of insects involved in flight, mating, and other behaviors, and are therefore prime targets for pest control. The formation of insect wings is a complex process that is regulated by multiple pathways. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway regulates the distribution of wing veins, while the Hippo pathway modulates wing size.

Advances in moyamoya disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a type of cerebrovascular disease characterized by occlusion of the distal end of the internal carotid artery and the formation of collateral blood vessels. Over the past 20 years, the landscape of research on MMD has significantly transformed. In this review, we provide insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions in MMD.

Utilizing Tissues Self-Assembled in Fiber Optic-Based "Chinese Guzheng Strings" for Contractility Sensing and Drug Efficacy Evaluation: A Practical Approach.

Recent advances in drug design and compound synthesis have highlighted the increasing need for effective methods of toxicity evaluation. A specialized force sensor, known as the light wavelength-encoded "Chinese guzheng" is developed. This innovative sensor is equipped with optical fiber strings and utilizes a wavelength-encoded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) that is chemically etched to reduce its diameter.

Molecular Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg3 Alleviation in Osteoporosis via Modulation of KPNA2 and the NF-κB Signalling Pathway.

Osteoporosis is mainly caused by an imbalance in osteoclast and osteoblast regulation, resulting in an imbalance in bone homeostasis. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has been reported to have a therapeutic effect on alleviating osteoporosis. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated.

Posttreatment Blood Pressure as a Key Predictor in a 5-Year Stroke Prediction Model.

Evidence suggests that approximately 63.0%-84.2% of stroke survivors have hypertension, yet there is currently no stroke prediction tool specifically designed for individuals with hypertension.

Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Therapy in Patients and Animals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative malady that causes progressive degeneration and loss of motor neuron function in the brain and spinal cord, eventually resulting in muscular atrophy, paralysis, and death. Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation can improve bodily function in animals and delay disease progression in patients with ALS. This paper summarizes and analyzes the efficacy and safety of neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation as a treatment for ALS, aiming to improve function and delay disease progression in patients.

Unveiling an ancient whole-genome duplication event in Stentor, the model unicellular eukaryotes.

Whole-genome duplication (WGD) events are widespread across eukaryotes and have played a significant role in moulding the genetic architectures of diverse organisms. In the present study, the newly sequenced genome of a giant ciliated protist, Stentor roeselii, provides an opportunity for the analysis of the collinearity and retention of reciprocal best-hit genes between two Stentor species. As a main result, we have unveiled a previously undetected ancient WGD event shaping the genome of its congener, Stentor coeruleus, a model protist used in cytological and evolutionary studies.

Halogen-bond-mediated inhibition of ion migration for stable Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells.

The incorporation of perfluorooctane iodides into Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells significantly mitigates performance losses caused by ion migration and the internal field shielding effect, while simultaneously enhancing both device efficiency and stability.

Spatial epidemiological analysis based on township scale and analysis of influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis cure of Changshu city from 2015 to 2022.

Objective: This study aimed to enhance the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and provide more effective and accurate methods in Changshu City.

Methods: The PTB patients' information came from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP). The demographic data for Changshu city and towns came from the Suzhou Statistical Yearbook and the LandScan platform.

Studies on the treatment of anaerobically digested sludge by white-rot fungi: evaluation of the effect of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor.

Background: The composition of anaerobically digested sludge is inherently complex, enriched with structurally complex organic compounds and nitrogenous constituents, which are refractory to biodegradation. These characteristics limit the subsequent rational utilization of resources from anaerobically digested sludge. White-rot fungi (WRF) have garnered significant research interest due to their exceptional capacity to degrade complex and recalcitrant organic pollutants.

Stiffness Tunable Magnetic Actuators Based on Shape Memory Polymer/NdFeB Composite for Segmental Controllable Motion.

Soft magnetic robots have attracted extensive research interest recently due to their fast-transforming ability and programmability. Although the inherent softness of the matrix materials enables dexterity and safe interactions, the contradiction between the easy shape transformation of the soft matrices and load carrying capacity, as well as the difficulty of independently controllable motion of individual segments, severely limits its design space and application potentials. Herein, we have proposed a strategy to adjust the modulus of shape memory polymer composite embedded with hard magnetic particles by Joule heating of printed circuit, which can reversibly change the stiffness from 4.

Structure of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus gB in post-fusion conformation.

Discovered in 1994 in lesions of an AIDS patient, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a member of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily of the family, which contains a total of nine that infect humans. These viruses all contain a large envelope glycoprotein, glycoprotein B (gB), that is required for viral fusion with host cell membrane to initial infection. Although the atomic structures of five other human herpesviruses in their postfusion conformation and one in its prefusion conformation are known, the atomic structure of KSHV gB has not been reported.

Muscle-derived myostatin is a major endocrine driver of follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis.

Myostatin is a paracrine myokine that regulates muscle mass in a variety of species, including humans. In this work, we report a functional role for myostatin as an endocrine hormone that directly promotes pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and thereby ovarian function in mice. Previously, this FSH-stimulating role was attributed to other members of the transforming growth factor-β family, the activins.

The hidden weavers: A review of DNA/RNA R-loops in stem cell biology and therapeutic potential.

R-loops, three-stranded nucleic acid structures composed of RNA-DNA hybrids, are increasingly recognized as central regulators of genomic stability and transcription. These structures play critical roles across various cellular processes, including DNA replication, repair, and gene regulation, with significant implications for stem cell biology and disease pathogenesis. This review comprehensively explores the molecular underpinnings of R-loop formation, emphasizing the dual nature of R-loops in both facilitating normal cellular functions and contributing to genomic instability.

Global impacts of land use on terrestrial carbon emissions since 1850.

Since the Industrial Revolution, significant changes in global land-use patterns have occurred, which have disrupted terrestrial carbon emissions. However, the disturbance processes, change trends, and distribution patterns are not clear. Therefore, the changes in terrestrial carbon emissions (E) caused by land-use change (LUC) since 1850 were analyzed in this study.

Heat acclimation defense against exertional heat stroke by improving the function of preoptic TRPV1 neurons.

Record-breaking heatwaves caused by greenhouse effects lead to multiple hyperthermia disorders, the most serious of which is exertional heat stroke (EHS) with the mortality reaching 60 %. Repeat exercise with heat exposure, termed heat acclimation (HA), protects against EHS by fine-tuning feedback control of body temperature (Tb), the mechanism of which is opaque. This study aimed to explore the molecular and neural circuit mechanisms of the HA training against EHS.

Three-dimensional high-isotropic-resolution MR fingerprinting optimized for 0.55 T.

Purpose: To provide a fast quantitative imaging approach for a 0.55T scanner, where signal-to-noise ratio is limited by the field strength and k-space sampling speed is limited by a lower specification gradient system.

Methods: We adapted the three-dimensional spiral projection imaging MR fingerprinting approach to 0.

Photoenzyme Coupling System: Covalent Organic Frameworks In Situ Production of Hydrogen Peroxide Cascaded with Unspecific Peroxygenase to Achieve C-H Bonds Selective Activation.

As an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly semiconductor material, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can generate hydrogen peroxide (HO) by photocatalysis, attracting wide attention in recent years. Herein, the effects of hydroxyl, methoxyl, and vinyl groups of imide-linked two-dimensional (2D) COFs on the photocatalytic production of HO were studied theoretically and experimentally. The introduction of vinyl groups greatly promotes the photogenerated charge separation and migration of COFs, providing more oxygen adsorption sites, stronger proton affinity, and lower intermediate binding energy, which effectively facilitates the rapid conversion of oxygen to HO.

Stabilizing Contorted Doubly-Reduced Tetraphenylene with Heavy Alkali Metal Complexation: Crystallographic and Theoretical Evidence.

The two-fold reduction of tetrabenzo[a,c,e,g]cyclooctatetraene (TBCOT, or tetraphenylene, 1) with K, Rb, and Cs metals reveals a distinctive core transformation pathway: a newly formed C-C bond converts the central eight-membered ring into a twisted core with two fused five-membered rings. This C-C bond of 1.589(3)-1.