Differentiating Pond-Intensive, Paddy-Ecologically, and Free-Range Cultured Crayfish () Using Stable Isotope and Multi-Element Analysis Coupled with Chemometrics.

The farming pattern of crayfish significantly impacts their quality, safety, and nutrition. Typically, green and ecologically friendly products command higher economic value and market competitiveness. Consequently, intensive farming methods are frequently employed in an attempt to replace these environmentally friendly products, leading to potential instances of commercial fraud.

Exploring the Subcellular Localization of Pigments Biosynthases: Preliminary Unraveling of the Compartmentalization Mechanism.

pigments (MPs), a class of secondary metabolites produced by spp., can be classified into yellow, orange, and red MPs according to their differences in the wavelength of the maximum absorption. However, the biosynthetic sequence and cellular biosynthesis mechanism of different MPs components are still not yet completely clear in spp.

One-Pot Preparation of Mixed-Mode Reversed-Phase Anion-Exchange Silica Sorbent and its Application in the Detection of Cyclopiazonic Acid in Feeds and Agricultural Products.

A novel co-bonded octyl and pyridine silica (OPS) sorbent was prepared and applied for the solid phase extraction (SPE) of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, a type of mycotoxin) in feed and agricultural products for the first time. A simple mixed-ligand one-pot reaction strategy was employed for OPS sorbent preparation. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, elemental analysis (EI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis demonstrated the successful immobilization of octyl and quaternary ammonium groups onto the surface of silica gel.

The impacts of animal agriculture on One Health-Bacterial zoonosis, antimicrobial resistance, and beyond.

The industrialization of animal agriculture has undoubtedly contributed to the improvement of human well-being by increasing the efficiency of food animal production. At the same time, it has also drastically impacted the natural environment and human society. The One Health initiative emphasizes the interdependency of the health of ecosystems, animals, and humans.

Histone lysine methyltransferases MpDot1 and MpSet9 are involved in the production of lovastatin and MonAzPs by histone crosstalk modification.

Increasing data suggested that histone methylation modification plays an important role in regulating biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (SMs). Monascus spp. have been applied to produce hypolipidemic drug lovastatin (also called monacolin K, MK) and edible Monascus-type azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs).

Facile fabrication of naphthalene-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for efficient extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water and fish samples.

In this study, naphthalene-modified magnetic nanoparticles (FeO@Nap) were simply prepared based on specific chelation interaction between phosphate groups and metal ions on FeO surface. The resultant FeO@Nap were characterized by FTIR, BET, SEM, TEM, NAM, TGA, and VSM techniques. With FeO@Nap as adsorbent, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were efficiently extracted by magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) from environmental water and fish samples through the π-π interaction between modified naphthalene groups and PAHs, followed by their determination by GC-MS/MS.

Comparative Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties and Metabolites of Farinose and Crisp Lotus Roots ( Gaertn.) with Different Geographical Origins.

Lotus roots are widely consumed vegetables because of their great taste and abundant nutrients, but their quality varies with the environments and cultivar. This study systematically compared farinose (Elian No. 5) and crisp (Elian No.

Genome Mining and Analysis of PKS Genes in E1 Isolated from Fuzhuan Brick Tea.

as the dominant fungi species of Fuzhuan brick tea in China, can produce multitudinous secondary metabolites (SMs) with various bioactivities. Polyketides are a very important class of SMs found in . and have gained extensive attention in recent years due to their remarkable diversity of structures and multiple functions.

Flowerlike Ni-NiO composite as magnetic solid-phase extraction sorbent for analysis of carbendazim and thiabendazole in edible vegetable oils by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A rapid, selective, and sensitive method was developed for the detection of carbendazim and thiabendazole in edible vegetable oil. Two benzimidazole analytes were pre-concentrated by magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) using flowerlike Ni-NiO composite as sorbents and followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. The flowerlike Ni-NiO composite sorbent displayed a high affinity towards benzimidazole analytes due to the reversible coordination interaction between the Ni(Ⅱ) ion and the electron-donating imidazole group.

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on a new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the determination of phenolic compounds in environmental water samples.

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction has garnered increasing attention in sample preparation due to its rapid and efficient extraction process. In this study, a new terpineol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was firstly synthesized by mixing α-terpineol with 1-octanoic acid, and then applied to analysis of phenols from water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that hydrogen bonding was responsible for the formation of deep eutectic solvent between α-terpineol and 1-octanoic acid.

Multifunctionalized magnetic mesoporous silica as an efficient mixed-mode sorbent for extraction of phenoxy carboxylic acid herbicides from water samples followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in tandem.

In current study, a rapid and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of 8 phenoxy carboxylic acid (PCA) herbicides in environmental water samples was established based on an octyl and amino functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica (mOAS). The mOAS sorbent was fabricated by simple modification of octyl and aminopropyl groups onto the surface of magnetic mesoporous silica. Various techniques were employed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the mOAS sorbent.

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 in Vegetable Oils Using Bare Fe3O4 as Magnetic Sorbents Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection.

This paper reports a simple, sensitive and reliable method for the simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 in vegetable oils. Aflatoxins were extracted by magnetic solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography, then postcolumn photochemical derivatization and finally detected by fluorescence detector. Vegetable oil samples were first diluted with hexane and then commercial bare Fe3O4 nanoparticles were directly employed as sorbents to extract aflatoxins from complex vegetable oil samples, which significantly simplified the procedure of sample preparation and largely improved the sample analysis throughput.

Acidic conditions induce the accumulation of orange Monascus pigments during liquid-state fermentation of Monascus ruber M7.

The influence of pH on the biosynthesis of orange Monascus pigments (OMPs) in Monascus ruber M7 was investigated. Under acidic fermentation conditions, pigment mixtures predominantly rich in OMPs were obtained. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of four orange components (O1-O4) and four yellow components (Y1-Y4) in the mixtures, and the dominant ones were O1 and O3, which accounted for 56.

Cyclic peptide: a safe and effective alternative to synthetic aflatoxin B-competitive antigens.

Aflatoxin B (AFB) is one of the major mycotoxins, which naturally occurs in food and agricultural products. In this study, a cyclic peptide (CVPSKPGLC) mimicking AFB was used to develop a biotinylated peptide-based immunoassay (bp-ELISA) for AFB determination. This cyclic peptide was isolated from a commercially available phage-displayed random 7-mer cyclic peptide library, and then synthesized chemically.

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Small GTPases Ypt7 Involved in the Regulation of Fungal Development and Secondary Metabolism in M7.

Ypts (east rotein ransport),also called as as-ssociated inding GTPases (Rab), are the largest group of the small GTPases family, which have been extensively studied in model eukaryotic cells and play a pivotal role in membane trafficking, while this study showed potential regulation role of Ypts in fungi. One of Ypts, Ypt7 may be involved in fungal development and secondary metabolism, but the exact mechanism still exists a controversy. In current study, the functions of a homologous gene (7) from M7 was investigated by combination of gene-deletion (Δ7), overexpression (M7::-7) and transcriptome analysis.

Rapid and sensitive detection of the phenoxy acid herbicides in environmental water samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Phenoxy acid herbicides are widely used herbicides that play an important role in improving the yield and quality of crops. However, some research has shown that this kind of herbicide is poisonous to human and animals. In this study, a rapid and sensitive method was developed for the detection of seven phenoxy acid herbicides in water samples based on magnetic solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry.

NAD-dependent HDAC inhibitor stimulates Monascus pigment production but inhibit citrinin.

Monascus species are edible fungi due to the production of food colorant and other beneficial compounds. Hence, it has been an attractive thesis to improve their productivities. Increasing numbers of investigations revealed that regulating the activities of histone deacetylases can significantly perturb secondary metabolites (SM) production at a global level.

Effects of an alternative oxidase gene on conidia viability under external stresses in Monascus ruber M7.

Monascus species can produce natural edible pigments and many other bioactive metabolites. In this study, mraox gene (Monascus ruber alternative oxidase) was isolated, sequenced, and replaced in order to investigate the function in resistance of conidia to stressful conditions. The derived protein of the mraox gene consisted of 350 amino acids with a conserved ferritin-like diiron-binding domain at the C-terminus, sharing a high homolog with alternative oxidase proteins in other filamentous fungi.

mrskn7, a putative response regulator gene of Monascus ruber M7, is involved in oxidative stress response, development, and mycotoxin production.

Skn7, a response regulator (RR), is associated with oxidative stress adaptation, hypo-osmotic stress response, fungicide sensitivity, cell wall biosynthesis, cell cycle regulation, sexual mating, and sporulation in many filamentous fungi and yeasts. In this study a Skn7-like protein gene mrskn7 (Monascus ruber skn7) was isolated, sequenced, and disrupted to investigate its function in M. ruber Bioinformatics predicted that the deduced protein encoded by mrskn7 contained the conserved DNA-binding and signal-receiver domains similar to the Skn7-like protein structure in other filamentous fungi.

Inactivation of the global regulator LaeA in Monascus ruber results in a species-dependent response in sporulation and secondary metabolism.

The nuclear regulator LaeA has been proven to globally govern fungal development and secondary metabolism, but its function may be species-dependent, even though its amino acid sequences are well conserved in numerous fungi. Herein we identified the LaeA in Monascus ruber M7 (MrLaeA), and verified its role to mediate growth, sporulation and secondary metabolism. Results showed that the radial growth rate of the selected MrlaeA knock-out mutant (MrΔlaeA-22) was significantly faster than that of the parental strain M.

Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Probably Relevant to the Uniqueness of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) and Its Cultivars.

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a popular beverage all over the world and a number of studies have focused on the genetic uniqueness of tea and its cultivars. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena are largely undefined. In this report, based on expression data available from public databases, we performed a series of analyses to identify genes probably relevant to the uniqueness of C.

Insights into Monascus biology at the genetic level.

The genus of Monascus was nominated by van Tieghem in 1884, but its fermented product-red mold rice (RMR), namely red yeast rice, has been used as folk medicines, food colorants, and fermentation starters for more than thousands of years in oriental countries. Nowadays, RMR is widely developed as food supplements around the world due to its functional compounds such as monacolin K (MK, also called lovastatin) and γ-aminobutyric acid. But the usage of RMR also incurs controversy resulting from contamination of citrinin (a kind of mycotoxin) produced by some Monascus strains.

Waterborne exposure to microcystin-LR alters thyroid hormone levels and gene transcription in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in zebrafish larvae.

Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR) is the most toxic and the most commonly encountered variant of microcystins (MCs) in aquatic environment, and it has the potential for disrupting thyroid hormone homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process have not yet been clarified. In the present study, we observed body growth retardation associated with decreased levels of thyroid hormones (THs) in zebrafish larvae, highlighting the interferences of MCLR with the growth of fish larvae. To further our understanding of mechanisms of MCLR-induced endocrine toxicity, quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis related genes of developing zebrafish embryos exposed to 100, 300 and 500 μg L(-1) MCLR until 96 h post-fertilization.