Wafer-scale monolayer MoS film integration for stable, efficient perovskite solar cells.

One of the primary challenges in commercializing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is achieving both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and sufficient stability. We integrate wafer-scale continuous monolayer MoS buffers at the top and bottom of a perovskite layer through a transfer process. These films physically block ion migration of perovskite into carrier transport layers and chemically stabilize the formamidinium lead iodide phase through strong coordination interaction.

Optical Acidity and Basicity Diagnostics of Molten Salt for the Evaluations of Salt Properties and Local Structure.

Analogous to the aqueous solution where the pH of the solvent affects its multiple behaviors, the optical acidity and basicity of molten salts also greatly influence their thermophysical and thermochemical properties. In the study, we develop ion probes to quantitatively determine the acidity-basicity scale of molten NaCl-AlCl ( = 1.5-2.

Modeling craniopharyngioma for drug screening reveals a neuronal mechanism for tumor growth.

Tumors occurring along the hypothalamus-pituitary axis receive axonal projection from neuroendocrine neurons, but it remains unclear whether neuroendocrine neuronal activity drives tumor expansion. Craniopharyngioma is a common suprasellar tumor with a propensity for invading the hypothalamus, leading to devastating endocrine and metabolic disorders. Here, we developed two autochthonous animal models that faithfully recapitulate the molecular pathology, clinical manifestations, and transcriptomic profiles of papillary craniopharyngioma.

Bioinformatic features and immunological response of recombinant antigen CTLA4-IgV-EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the infection of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) larva. Currently, blocking the pathogenic cycle chain through immunoprophylaxis has become the main research direction.

Degradation of a novel herbicide fluchloraminopyr in soil: Dissipation kinetics, degradation pathways, transformation products identification and ecotoxicity assessment.

With the continuous application of new agricultural chemicals in agricultural systems, it is imperative to study the environmental fate and potential transformation products (TPs) of these chemicals to better assess their ecological and health risks, as well as guide scientific application. The dissipation of fluchloraminopyr was firstly evaluated under aerobic/anaerobic condition in four representative soils, with Dissipation Time 50 (DT) values ranging from 0.107 to 4.

Formate and CO* Radicals Intermediated Atmospheric CO Conversion over Co-Ni Bimetallic Catalysts Assembled on Diatomite.

There exists an imperative exigency to ascertain catalysts of cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency for the facilitation of industrial CO methanation. In this area, the dual metal synergistic enhancement of the metal-support interaction emerges as a highly promising strategy. Here, Diatomite (Dt) was used as the support, and a series of CoyNi/Dt (Co as the first component and Ni as the second component) composite catalysts were constructed using an ultrasound-assisted coimpregnation method.

Predicting aeration time and nitrite accumulation rate variations for Partial Nitritation: A model incorporating nitrogen oxidation rate dynamics.

This study aimed to develop a two-step nitrification model to predict variations in aeration time and nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) under fluctuating operational conditions in mainstream partial nitritation (PN) processes. Lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were used to evaluate the ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) and nitrite oxidation rate (NOR) under different solids retention times (SRT) (10, 15, 20, 30, and 50 days) and total volumetric nitrogen loadings (TVNL) (20-60 mg N/L per cycle). A static model was developed to predict consistent AOR and NOR values in the steady state, whereas a dynamic model was established to capture the growth dynamics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) under unsteady-state conditions.

First-principles molecular dynamics study on the behaviors of Cs in a mixed system of liquid metal and LiCl-KCl molten salt.

The structure and dynamic properties of Cs in the mixed system of LiCl-KCl molten salt and a liquid metal (Bi and Pb) electrode are investigated through first-principles molecular dynamics simulation. It is found that the dynamic properties of different ions in molten salt could be significantly affected when the liquid metal electrode is coupled and this influence varies with the type of liquid metal applied. The microstructures of the mixed systems of molten salt and liquid metal electrode: MS-Cs-Bi, MS-CsCl-Bi, MS-Cs-Pb, and MS-CsCl-Pb, are also investigated by the bond angle distribution function, Voronoi tessellation analysis, five-fold symmetry parameter, and bond-orientational order parameter.

Synthesis of MoS@MoO/(Cu/g-CN) ternary composites with double S-scheme heterojunction for peroxymonosulfate activation exposing to visible light.

The construction of semiconductor heterojunction is an effective way for charge separation in photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. In this study, a novel MoS@MoO/(Cu/g-CN) ternary composites (MMCCN) was prepared via a simple calcination method. The as-prepared composites exhibited exceptional performance in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB).

Advanced development of anion-exchange membrane electrolyzers for hydrogen production: from anion-exchange membranes to membrane electrode assemblies.

Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) has attracted attention owing to its operation in alkaline environments, which offers the advantage of not requiring the use of precious metals. Additionally, AEMWE exhibits higher kinetics in the hydrogen evolution reaction, enabling higher hydrogen production efficiency. The anion-exchange membrane (AEM) fabrication, catalyst design, and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are crucial for enhancing the total water electrolysis performance.

Visual deterioration outcomes following optic pathway glioma treatment: a 12-year single institution retrospective study.

Objective: The surgical treatment of optic pathway gliomas (OPG) remains controversial, with visual outcomes often unpredictable. The present study explored surgical and clinical factors influencing visual acuity (VA) after OPG treatment and developed anatomical subtypes correlated with clinical symptoms.

Methods: Children with OPG who underwent initial partial tumor resection at Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2011 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.

A binary 2D perovskite passivation for efficient and stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.

To achieve high power conversion efficiency in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, it is necessary to develop a promising wide-bandgap perovskite absorber and processing techniques in relevance. To date, the performance of devices based on wide-bandgap perovskite is still limited mainly by carrier recombination at their electron extraction interface. Here, we demonstrate assembling a binary two-dimensional perovskite by both alternating-cation-interlayer phase and Ruddlesden-Popper phase to passivate perovskite/C interface.

Nuclei engineering for even halide distribution in stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.

Wide-bandgap (WBG) absorbers in tandem configurations suffer from poor crystallinity and weak texture, which leads to severe mixed halide-cation ion migration and phase segregation during practical operation. We control WBG film growth insensitive to compositions by nucleating the 3C phase before any formation of bromine-rich aggregates and 2H phases. The resultant WBG absorbers show improved crystallinity and strong texture with suppressed nonradiative recombination and enhanced resistance to various aging stresses.

Carbon monoxide polyhemoglobin improves the therapeutic effect and relieves inflammation in the colon tissue of haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation rats.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the therapeutic effect of carbon monoxide polyhemoglobin (polyCOHb) in haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: 48 rats were divided into two experimental parts, and 36 rats in the first experiment and 12 rats in the second experiment. In the first experimental part, 36 animals were randomly assigned to the following groups: hydroxyethyl starch group (HES group,  = 12), polyhemoglobin group (polyHb group,  = 12), and carbon monoxide polyhemoglobin group (polyCOHb group,  = 12).

A Soldering Flux Tackles Complex Defects Chemistry in Sn-Pb Perovskite Solar Cells.

Developing tin-lead (Sn-Pb) narrow-bandgap perovskites is crucial for the deployment of all-perovskite tandem solar cells, which can help to exceed the limits of single-junction photovoltaics. However, the Sn-Pb perovskite suffers from a large number of bulk traps and interfacial nonradiative recombination centers, with unsatisfactory open-circuit voltage and the consequent device efficiency. Herein, for the first time, it is shown that abietic acid (AA), a commonly used flux for metal soldering, effectively tackles complex defects chemistry in Sn-Pb perovskites.

The protective effects of Axitinib on blood-brain barrier dysfunction and ischemia-reperfusion injury in acute ischemic stroke.

Background And Purpose: The pathophysiological features of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) often involve dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), characterized by the degradation of tight junction proteins (Tjs) leading to increased permeability. This dysfunction can exacerbate cerebral injury and contribute to severe complications. The permeability of the BBB fluctuates during different stages of AIS and is influenced by various factors.

The Role of Oxygen Vacancies in Phase Transition and the Optical Absorption Properties within Nanocrystalline ZrO.

Zirconia (ZrO) nanoparticles were synthesized using a solvothermal method under varying synthesis conditions, namely acidic, neutral, and alkaline. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were leveraged to investigate the phase evolution and topographical features in detail. The resulting crystal phase structures and grain sizes exhibited substantial variation based on these conditions.

Effects of fermented sweet potato residue on nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and intestinal microbes in broilers.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different proportions of dietary fermented sweet potato residue (FSPR) supplementation as a substitute for corn on the nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and intestinal microbes of yellow-feathered broilers. Experiment 1 (force-feeding) evaluated the nutrient composition and digestibility of mixtures with different proportions of sweet potato residue (70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%) before and after fermentation. In Experiment 2 (metabolic growth), a total of 420 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly allocated to 4 groups and fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with 0, 5%, 8%, and 10% FSPR as a substitute for corn.

Current situation and prospects for the clean utilization of gold tailings.

Gold tailings are characterized by low-grade, complex composition, fine embedded particle size, environmental pollution, and large land occupation. This paper describes the mineralogical properties of gold tailings, including chemical composition, phase composition, particle size distribution, and microstructure; summarizes the recycling and utilization of components such as mica, feldspar, and valuable metals in gold tailings; reviews harmless treatment measures for harmful elements in gold tailings; and adumbrated the research progress of gold tailings in the application fields of building materials, ceramics, and glass materials. Based on these discussions, a new technology roadmap that combines multistage magnetic separation and cemented filling is proposed for the clean utilization of all components of gold tailings.