Investigation of Fracture Characteristics and Energy Evolution Laws of Model Tunnels with Different Shapes Subjected to Impact Load.

To investigate dynamic fracture characteristics and failure behavior of different sections of tunnel surrounding rock mass, six kinds of model tunnels were fabricated using green sandstone, and impact tests were performed using a split Hopkinson pressure bar system. The dynamic compressive strength and energy change behaviors of samples comprising different-shaped tunnels were assessed, and crack propagation paths were analyzed employing a digital image correlation method. Numerical calculations were carried out using the software LS-DYNA (v.

Transcriptome Analysis and Resistance Identification of and Co-Transformation Rice.

Insect pests and weeds are the two major biotic factors affecting crop yield in the modern agricultural system. In this study, a brown planthopper (BPH) resistance gene () and glufosinate tolerance gene () were stacked into a single T-DNA cassette and transformed into an indica rice ( L.) line H23.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Mediator Complex Subunit Gene Family in Cassava.

The Mediator complex (MED) functions as a co-activator in plants, transmitting transcriptional signals to regulate gene expression, including responses to environmental stresses. While the MED gene family has been identified in several species, it has not yet been reported in cassava. In this study, we identified 32 members of the gene family in cassava ( Crantz) distributed across 13 chromosomes.

Shrimp Shapes a Nitrite Tolerance Trait via Regulating Autophagy and Apoptosis.

Nitrite is a significant toxic substance that causes acute toxicity in aquatic animals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying nitrite tolerance remain largely unidentified. Here, we investigated the physiological and transcriptomic profiles of nitrite-sensitive and nitrite-tolerant families of the white shrimp under nitrite stress.

Biological Control Potential of the Reduviid Predator (Fabricius) in Managing Noctuid Pests: Insights Into Predation and Prey Preference.

Understanding predator-prey and predator-predator interactions is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of biocontrol agents and developing efficient pest management strategies. This study investigates the effects of prey species, predator life stage, and predator density on the predatory efficiency of the generalist predator (Fabricius) under semi-field conditions. Both the nymphs and adults of consumed significantly more second-instar larvae of than larvae of or .

The Isolation, Identification, and Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Potential Probiotic, YF1, Isolated from the Intestine of the Ricefield Eel ().

, recognized as a probiotic, is widely distributed in the intestines of various animals. In this study, the strain YF1 was isolated from the intestine of the ricefield eel () using an anaerobic culture method and was identified through morphological, physiological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA sequence analyses. Notably, YF1 exhibited a rapid growth rate and was found to produce ten types of short-chain fatty acids, particularly high-yield acetic acid and butyric acid.

Discovery and Characterization of a Distinctive Theaflavin-3-Gallate Isomer from with Potent Anticancer Properties Against Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells.

Theaflavins, as key bioactive compounds of black tea, are garnering increasing attention. However, research predominantly focuses on theaflavin monomers derived from the enzymatic oxidation of -type catechins. In this study, we identify a unique stereoisomer of theaflavin-3-gallate (TF-3-G), named isoneoTF-3-G, in black tea from (), which is rich in -catechins.

Computational Elucidation of a Monobody Targeting the Phosphatase Domain of SHP2.

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a key regulator in cellular signaling pathways because its dysregulation has been implicated in various pathological conditions, including cancers and developmental disorders. Despite its importance, the molecular basis of SHP2's regulatory mechanism remains poorly understood, hindering the development of effective targeted therapies. In this study, we utilized the high-specificity monobody Mb11 to investigate its interaction with the SHP2 phosphatase domain (PTP) using multiple replica molecular dynamics simulations.

Gem-TIP as a salvage therapy for pediatric extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumors: insights from a retrospective case series.

Objective: This retrospective case series aimed to provide initial insights into the potential effectsof Gemcitabine (Gem), Nab-paclitaxel, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin (Gem-TIP) combination therapy in children with relapsed/progressive extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumors (eMRTs).

Methods: A retrospective review of patients treated with Gem-TIP following relapse/progression was conducted. Radiologic responses were assessed using RECIST 1.

Neuronal polyunsaturated fatty acids are protective in ALS/FTD.

Here we report a conserved transcriptomic signature of reduced fatty acid and lipid metabolism gene expression in a Drosophila model of C9orf72 repeat expansion, the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD), and in human postmortem ALS spinal cord. We performed lipidomics on C9 ALS/FTD Drosophila, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell neurons and postmortem FTD brain tissue. This revealed a common and specific reduction in phospholipid species containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

Dual functional POGases from bacteria encompassing broader O-glycanase and adhesin activities.

Mucin-type O-glycans on glycoproteins are pivotal for biology and impact the quality of biotherapeutics. Furthermore, glycans on host cells serve as ligands for lectins/adhesins on bacteria for bacterium-host interactions in the colonization or attachment/invasion of bacteria. Defining the structure-function relationship of O-glycans is hindered by a lack of enzyme(s) to release sialylated O-glycans from glycoproteins.

[A study on post-traumatic stress disorder classification based on multi-atlas multi-kernel graph convolutional network].

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) presents with complex and diverse clinical manifestations, making accurate and objective diagnosis challenging when relying solely on clinical assessments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop reliable and objective auxiliary diagnostic models to provide effective diagnosis for PTSD patients. Currently, the application of graph neural networks for representing PTSD is limited by the expressiveness of existing models, which does not yield optimal classification results.

A nanoplasmonic cell-on-a-chip for in situ monitoring of PD-L1 exosome-mediated immune modulation.

Despite the transformative impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cancer therapy, up to 80% of patients fail to respond, necessitating reliable predictive biomarkers to guide treatment decisions. Recent studies highlight the critical role of tumor-derived exosomal PD-L1 in immune evasion, and its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer immunotherapy. However, significant challenges remain in elucidating the functional roles of PD-L1 exosomes in immune suppression, as current methods lack the ability to precisely and simultaneously characterize and monitor exosome secretion and the corresponding immune modulation on site.

Determination and comparison of lipid profiles of Chinese green tea varieties using untargeted lipidomics analysis combined with chemometrics.

Tea is the most widely consumed drink in the world. Lipids as important chemical components are closely related to the flavor and quality of tea. However, the information about the lipidomic fingerprints of different Chinese green tea varieties was limited.

Real-time monitoring reveals the effects of low concentrations of volatile organic compounds in the embryology laboratory.

Study Question: Could real-time monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the embryology laboratory provide meaningful early warning for potential harm from the environment?

Summary Answer: Even in a laboratory environment with a total VOC concentration lower than the recommendation of the Cairo Consensus, the real-time monitored VOC concentrations are associated with changes in embryo morphological parameters.

What Is Known Already: VOCs have been considered a key environmental detriment in embryology laboratories. However, the current VOC thresholds established by the Cairo consensus were based on the practical experience of air pollution cases, and a scientifically derived threshold is lacking.

Detoxification of Ustiloxin A Through Oxidative Deamination and Decarboxylation by Endophytic Fungus .

Ustiloxins are a group of cyclopeptide mycotoxins produced by rice false smut pathogen (anamorph: ) which seriously threaten the safety production of rice and the health of humans and livestock. Ustiloxin A, accounting for 60% of the total ustiloxins, is the main toxic component. Biotransformation, a process of modifying the functional groups of compounds by means of regio- or stereo-specific reactions catalyzed by the enzymes produced by organisms, has been considered as an efficient way to detoxify mycotoxins.

The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Development of PM-Induced Cognitive Impairment.

PM is fine particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm. Recent evidence has shown that exposure to PM markedly elevates the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, which may culminate in cognitive impairment.

Recent Advances in MXene-Based Electrochemical Sensors.

MXene is a new family of two-dimensional nanomaterials with outstanding electrical conductivity, tunable structure, biocompatibility, and a large surface area. Thanks to these unique physicochemical properties, MXene has been used for constructing electrochemical sensors (MECSens) with excellent performance. In particular, the abundant surface termination of MXene can contribute to greatly enhancing the analytical sensitivity and selectivity of MECSens.

Measurement of Intratumor Heterogeneity and Its Changing Pattern to Predict Response and Recurrence Risk After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.

The heterogeneity of breast tumors might reflect biological complexity and provide prediction clues for the sensitivity of treatment. This study aimed to construct a model based on tumor heterogeneity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting the pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This retrospective study involved 217 patients with biopsy-confirmed invasive breast cancer who underwent MR before and after NAC.

Genetic Variation in a Crossing Population of Based on ddRAD Sequencing and Analysis of Association with Fruit Traits.

Tea oil is an important high-quality edible oil derived from woody plants. is the largest and most widely planted oil-producing plant in the genus in China, and its seeds are the most important source for obtaining tea oil. In current research, improving the yield and quality of tea oil is the main goal of oil tea genetic breeding.

Plant-Derived B-CGT Hydrogel Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing Through Multitarget Modulation of Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Tissue Remodeling.

Diabetic wound healing presents significant challenges due to impaired angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and cellular dysfunction. Building on previous research, this study further explores the potential of a plant-derived glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalates (B-CGT) hydrogel in promoting diabetic wound healing. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses suggest that B-CGT may regulate key mechanisms, such as apoptosis, inflammation, and matrix remodeling, through core targets including SIRT1, CASP8, and MMP8.

Two-dimensional single-crystal periodic macroporous ZnO sheets for extraordinary photocatalytic performance for antibiotics.

Periodic macropores are extensively utilized in the design of photocatalytic materials owing to their capacity to enhance the availability of active sites, shorten carrier migration distances, and improve mass transfer efficiency. However, their three-dimensional periodic structure, primarily composed of stacked nanoparticles, may not be fully utilized due to pore channel blockage. Additionally, the numerous grain boundaries greatly increase the recombination probability of photogenerated electrons and holes.

Eyeball descending identification using MRI-based spatial coordinates in thyroid-associated orbitopathy patients with unilateral upper eyelid retraction.

Background: Upper eyelid retraction (UER), the primary symptom of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), can affect perceived eyeball position. This study aimed to assess relative anatomical positions, and examine changes in eyeball position and related factors in TAO patients with unilateral UER.

Methods: In total, 30 TAO patients with unilateral UER and 67 healthy control participants were included in this retrospective study.

Achieving Efficient Fast Neutron and Gamma Discrimination in Hydrogen-Rich 2D Halide Perovskite Scintillators.

Neutron radiation fields frequently coexist with γ-rays, posing a significant challenge to ensure the accuracy of neutron detection. 2D perovskites have been proved to be the potential fast neutron scintillators due to their structural properties and excellent luminescent performance. Herein, the study reports on the scintillation properties of 2D perovskite phenethylammonium lead bromide ((PEA)PbBr) single crystal (SC) induced by different types of radiation and first demonstrate its pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capability in neutron/gamma (n/γ) mixed radiation fields.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for motor function in stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the safety and effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating motor dysfunction in stroke patients.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in five online databases, namely, Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus, from their inception to July 29, 2024. Studies meeting the predetermined inclusion criteria were included.