Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Biological Aging: Evidence From Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with higher risks of age-related morbidity and mortality. However, whether they causally contribute to accelerating biological aging has not been fully elucidated. Utilizing the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data, we implemented a comprehensive analytical framework to investigate the associations between genetically predicted moderate-to-vigorous leisure-time physical activity (MVPA), leisure screen time (LST), and four epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) measures: HannumAgeAccel, intrinsic HorvathAgeAccel, PhenoAgeAccel, and GrimAgeAccel.

D2HGDH Deficiency Regulates Seizures through GSH/Prdx6/ROS-Mediated Excitatory Synaptic Activity.

Current antiepileptic drugs are ineffective in one-third of patients with epilepsy; however, identification of genes involved in epilepsy can enable a precision medicine approach. Here, it is demonstrated that downregulating D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) enhances susceptibility to epilepsy. Furthermore, its potential involvement in the seizure network through synaptic function modulation is investigated.

Shared Genetic Architecture and Causal Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Bone Mineral Density.

Background: Despite the well-established regulatory role of vitamin D in maintaining bone health, little is known about the shared genetics and causality of the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods: Leveraging individual-level data from the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort and summary-level data from the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted on European individuals for serum 25OHD (N = 417,580) and estimated heel BMD (eBMD, N = 426,824), we systematically elucidated the shared genetic architecture underlying serum 25OHD and eBMD through a comprehensive genome-wide cross-trait design.

Results: Despite a lack of global genetic correlation (rg = -0.

Enhancing self-directed learning with custom GPT AI facilitation among medical students: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of LearnGuide, a specialized ChatGPT tool designed to support self-directed learning among medical students.

Materials And Methods: In this 14-week randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06276049), 103 medical students were assigned to either an intervention group, which received 12 weeks of problem-based training with LearnGuide support, or a control group, which received identical training without AI assistance.

Characterization of a Novel Acid-Stable Chitosanase from Suitable for Chitooligosaccharide Preparation.

As high-value chitosan derivatives, chitooligosaccharides (COSs) with biodegradable, biocompatible, nontoxic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities have been widely applied in food-related fields. Chitosanases can hydrolyze chitosan to produce COSs. Herein, a chitosanase (Cho1) from was successfully expressed in and was then purified and characterized.

[Association of serum irisin levels with glucose and lipid metabolism among adolescents in Yinchuan City from 2017 to 2020].

Objective: To explore the relationship between serum irisin levels and glucose and lipid metabolism among adolescents in Yinchuan City.

Methods: From 2017 to 2020, a conbination of convenient sampling and stratified cluster random sampling method were used to select 1219 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old in Yinchuan City as research subjects. The height and weight were measured using the height and sitting height meter and the bioelectrical impedance analyzer.

Fabrication of SERS composite substrates using Ag nanotriangles-modified SiO photonic crystal and the application of malachite green detection.

A novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) composite substrates on the basis of Ag triangular nanoplates(Ag TNPs)-modified SiO photonic crystals (PC) is fabricated and applied to the SERS detection of malachite green (MG). It consists of uniformly arranged Ag TNP@SiO, a new PC. Notably, Ag TNP are uniformly aligned on the SiO surface, forming a three-dimensional high-density hotspot nanostructure.

GITR exacerbates lysophosphatidylcholine-induced macrophage pyroptosis in sepsis via posttranslational regulation of NLRP3.

The NLRP3 inflammasome functions as an inflammatory driver, but its relationship with lipid metabolic changes in early sepsis remains unclear. Here, we found that GITR expression in monocytes/macrophages was induced by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and was positively correlated with the severity of sepsis. GITR is a costimulatory molecule that is mainly expressed on T cells, but its function in macrophages is largely unknown.

Protocol for automated N-glycan sequencing using mass spectrometry and computer-assisted intelligent fragmentation.

Biological functions of glycans are intimately linked to fine details in branches and linkages, which make structural identification extremely challenging. Here, we present a protocol for automated N-glycan sequencing using multi-stage mass spectrometry (MS). We describe steps for release/purification and derivation of glycans and procedures for MS scanning.

Deciphering Multidrug-Resistant Plasmids in Disinfection Residual Bacteria from a Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Current disinfection processes pose an emerging environmental risk due to the ineffective removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially disinfection residual bacteria (DRB) carrying multidrug-resistant plasmids (MRPs). However, the characteristics of DRB-carried MRPs are poorly understood. In this study, qPCR analysis reveals that the total absolute abundance of four plasmids in postdisinfection effluent decreases by 1.

N-glycosylation of disease-specific haptoglobin for the early screening of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as one of the microvascular complications of diabetes, is a leading cause of acquired vision loss. Most DR cases are detected in the advanced stage through fundoscopy, making molecular biomarkers urgently needed for early diagnosis of DR.

Experimental Design: Serum disease-specific haptoglobin-β (Hp-β) chains of 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 156 T2DM patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) were separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Assessing the application of barbed sutures in comparison to conventional sutures for surgical applications: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical animal studies.

Background: Following an initiative published by Lancet in 2002 and an IDEAL-D framework, the value of preclinical animal studies has garnered increasing attention in recent research. Numerous preclinical animal experiments tried to generate evidence to guide the development of barbed sutures. However, discernible drawbacks and incongruities in outcomes have emerged between clinical and preclinical animal studies.

Contact-separation-induced self-recoverable mechanoluminescence of CaF:Tb/PDMS elastomer.

Centrosymmetric-oxide/polydimethylsiloxane elastomers emit ultra-strong non-pre-irradiation mechanoluminescence under stress and are considered one of the most ideal mechanoluminescence materials. However, previous centrosymmetric-oxide/polydimethylsiloxane elastomers show severe mechanoluminescence degradation under stretching, which limits their use in applications. Here we show an elastomer based on centrosymmetric fluoride CaF:Tb and polydimethylsiloxane, with mechanoluminescence that can self-recover after each stretching.

Ranking the risk of antibiotic resistance genes by metagenomic and multifactorial analysis in hospital wastewater systems.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to human health. Hospital wastewater system (HWS) is an important source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The risk of ARGs in HWS is still an under-researched area.

A Bifunctional Luminescent Whitening and Sensing Material Based on Photoluminescence and Mechanoluminescence.

A bifunctional luminescent whitening and luminescent sensing composite material, BaMgAlO:Eu/polydimethylsiloxane (BAM/PDMS), that utilizes natural sunlight and mechanical energy is presented. By increasing the Eu content, the photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectrum of the material shows a maximum redshift of 23 nm due to 5 level splitting of Eu, resulting in more spectral overlap with sunlight and an excellent PL whitening effect. Meanwhile, the self-recoverable mechanoluminescence (ML) of the material can be easily excited under mechanical stimuli due to contact electrification, exhibiting a unique stress sensing effect.

The effect of thriving at work on work-family conflict: the mediating role of workaholism.

Thriving at work is a relatively new concept in the field of organizational behavior, and many scholars have emphasized the importance of its outcomes in the last decade or so, but we still know little about the possible dark side of thriving at work. In this study, based on the conservation of resources theory, we studied the effect of thriving at work on work-family conflict, the mediating effects of workaholism, and the moderating effects of work-family separation preference and trust climate. By analyzing 372 samples, we found that thriving at work was significantly and positively related to work-family conflict; workaholism partially mediated the relationship between thriving at work and work-family conflict; work-family separation preference negatively moderated the relationship between thriving at work and workaholism.

Bacteriophages: Vectors of or weapons against the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in hospital wastewater systems?

Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to human health and is responsible for the death of millions of people annually. Hospital wastewater is an important hotspot for antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). However, little is known about the relationship between phages and ARGs in hospital wastewater systems (HWS).

Effectiveness and safety of knotless barbed sutures in cosmetic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The barbed suture, which can eliminate knot tying and accelerate the placement of sutures, is an innovative type of suture, whereas the benefits of cosmetic surgeries (CS) are controversial. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of barbed sutures in CS.

Method: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.

Ambient data-driven SSO online monitoring of type-3 wind turbine generator integrated power systems based on MMPF-KF method.

Series compensation grids connected with type-3 wind turbine generator (WTG)-based wind farms have suffered numerous subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) events worldwide. For early alerting of SSO and effective development of protection and control strategies, it is critical to monitor and identify SSO accurately and quickly. Ambient data is continuously available, which is useful for online monitoring.

Nutritional and volatile profiles of pulp and flavedo from four local pummelo cultivars grown in Fujian province of China.

The nutritional and volatile profiles of pulp and flavedo samples from four distinct local pummelo landraces ("Siji," "Pingshan," "Wendan," and "Guanxi") cultivated in Fujian province of China were investigated. "Guanxi" pummelo exhibited relatively high contents of vitamin C (42.01 mg/100 mL) and phenols (360.

Disease-Specific haptoglobin N-Glycosylation in inflammatory disorders between cancers and benign diseases of 3 types of female internal genital organs.

Background: N-glycosylation of the haptoglobin is closely related to pathological states. This study aims to evaluate the association of glycosylation of disease-specific Hp (DSHp) β chain with different pathological states of the cervix, uterus, and ovary to explore differences in their inflammatory responses and to screen potential biomarkers to distinguish cancer from benign diseases.

Methods: DSHp-β chains of 1956 patients with cancers and benign diseases located in the cervix, uterus, and ovary organs were separated from serum immunoinflammatory-related protein complexes (IIRPCs).

Metabolome Profiling and Pathway Analysis in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity among Chinese Adolescents Aged 11-18 Years.

The underlying mechanisms of the development of unhealthy metabolic phenotypes in obese children and adolescents remain unclear. We aimed to screen the metabolomes of individuals with the unhealthy obesity phenotype and identify the potential metabolic pathways that could regulate various metabolic profiles of obesity in Chinese adolescents. A total of 127 adolescents aged 11-18 years old from China were investigated using a cross-sectional study.

Human adenovirus infection induces pulmonary inflammatory damage by triggering noncanonical inflammasomes activation and macrophage pyroptosis.

Introduction: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common respiratory virus, which can lead to severe pneumonia in children and immunocompromised persons, and canonical inflammasomes are reported to be involved in anti-HAdV defense. However, whether HAdV induced noncanonical inflammasome activation has not been explored. This study aims to explore the broad roles of noncanonical inflammasomes during HAdV infection to investigate the regulatory mechanism of HAdV-induced pulmonary inflammatory damage.